10/22/2014

Concept of open systems - as the paradigm shift


                                     In his long interview with Franz Kreuzer, Karl Popper calls himself ‘one of the last to join the Enlightenment’ 1(OGOU: 22). He affirms his faith and continuity with the age of reason, at the same time declaring the end of a glorious epoch. Implicitly calling for the paradigm shift 2 ‘I may be wrong and you may be right’—is a paraphrase of Voltaire and reaffirms Socrates’s awareness of our boundless ignorance2 (TIR: 28–29). Contrary to the first appearances, it cannot be taken in favor of relativism which diplomatically agrees each other , whereas the principle of pluralism implies that we may both be wrong. He replaces the comprehensive rationalism with the critical rationalism . ‘Faith in reason, even in the reason of others, implies the idea of impartiality, tolerance, and rejection of any authoritarian claims’3 .
                                    Popper’s "war effort", to counter the fascism and totalitarianism when the possibility of civilization being destroyed was quite real , both claimed to have the sovereignty of reason and historical support, as was demanded by the social thinking prevailed during the ‘Age of Reason’. rationally exposed the Platonic edifice and its enlightenment counterpart ‘Hegelian historicism’ Popper’s assertion that ‘a theory which was initially genuinely scientific degenerated into pseudo-scientific dogma’4 is equally applicable to every discipline .Rather than agreement between different schools, the disagreement regarding the fundamental questions of epistemology and ontology of essence ,contributed to the propensity of theories having better verisimilitude .
René Descartes laid the foundation for Seventeenth -Century rationalism, followed by Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Leibniz, counter arguments and polemics by the empiricist school of thought consisting of Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, enriched the logical foundations of both . His "Cogito ergo sum" rejected any idea that can be doubted, Copernican Revolution attained its glory with observations of Galileo, geometric fabrication, and axiomatic foundation supplied by Newton. Seventeenth Century Mathematics with its rigor, vigor , aesthetic harmony and consistency supplied the required logical sufficiency to the fundamental premises of classical mechanics.
                                   ‘Un doubtful’ validity of classical mechanics contributed to the practice of applying the same beyond its domain of validity, Cartesian determinism and redundant reductionism began to show its limitations. More dogmatic Laplacian determinism entails ‘Everything in principle is knowable’ and deterministic. Even great scientists like William Thomson, in 1900 famously proclaimed that Physics was over , except for two small clouds on the horizon. These "clouds" turned out to be the clues that led to quantum mechanics and relativity. Famous ‘Hilbert program’ was for the formalization of all of mathematics in axiomatic frame work, he was successful in correctly enlisting the clouds in such an enterprising endeavor. ‘Gödel’s incompleteness theorems gave immediate technical correction to such a dream, axiomatically deduced the inconsistency of axiomatic formulations ! Appears to be an example of ‘liar’s paradox ‘.   Deeper realization of Gödel’s theorem can be found in Karl Popper’s prophetic realization in ‘The Logic of Scientific Discovery ‘ ‘Science does not rest upon solid bedrock. The bold structure of its theories rises, as it were, above a swamp. It is like a building erected on piles. The piles are driven down from above into the swamp, but not down to any natural or ‘given’ base; and if we stop driving the piles deeper, it is not because we have reached firm ground. We simply stop when we are satisfied that the piles are firm enough to carry the structure, at least for the time being.’5 (LSD: 111) still physicists are talking about ‘Theory of everything ‘and formulation of the complete theory of Quantum Gravity .During ‘Enlightenment’ reason was elevated to the status of a new authority .After the Enlightenment glory ,Search for truth ended up in proposing ‘closed systems ‘ with immunizing dogmas incorporated in to its very essence .In spite of tremendous progress in technology and various branches of science conquering new frontiers , overall picture especially during the first and second decade of the 21st century is that of an ‘age of unreason ‘. I shall give a sketch of my thesis of ‘open systems’ with fractal Geometry as the choice of nature ,Philosophy of Karl popper with ,Gödel’s theorem as its mathematical counterpart , together with developments in non linear dynamics ,non equilibrium thermodynamics, collective phenomenon ,self organized systems and Chaos with an ‘an irrational faith in reason’ 6(OS II: 461; RR: 39; CR: 357)which espouses, Individual freedom, liberty, democracy, openness, plurality, inclusiveness, decentralization, and sustainable development after giving my background and relevant details .

                                Alexis de Tocqueville  wrote in mid 1800 ,about the  French Revolution  began with "a push towards decentralization...[but became,]in the end, an extension of centralization." It seems to be true in the whole history   1. After freedom struggle in India  ,2.After J.P movement for democratic rights .3. Recent anti corruption movement , exponential growth of the new party and final degradation to centralism, It was true in Greece after Pericles and Democrats -Plato's royal lie and philosophy of his 'utopia ' -'The republic' dominated the seen .Early Christianity slipped to  'Constantine and dominance of Catholic church  and roman Empire . age of reason ended up with Hegelian historisism -then to Fascism and totalitarianism, in science it moved around Cartesian determinism,extreme  reductionism of closed systems which dovetails parochialism .       

                                 

                         Really excited to see the most relevant ingredients of an open society with liberal democratic world view were well included in the constitution and vision documents of the new party,AAP I was nominated as the state committee member of the party . Within a short span of one year Mr. Arvind Kejriwal , AAP supremo became the Chief Minister of Delhi, just for forty nine days! , much before his resignation, it appeared to me that the leadership started practicing evils of the society with utter disrespect to its own constitution, Inexperience ,lack of vision and commitment ,’infantile narcissism ‘ and Quixotic adventures all contributed to the set back. Dirty tactics and conspiracy with fascist credentials from the opposing camp now in power is also contributed its share. It reminded me of Alexis de Tocqueville who wrote in mid 1800 ,about the French Revolution , “began with a push towards decentralization...[but became,] in the end, an extension of centralization." 7It seems to be true in the whole history civilization .In India 1. After the freedom struggle 2.After J.P movement 3. After recent anticorruption movement .This compelled me to have a study a of history of civilization Started re-reading almost all available works of Karl popper , H.G wells , Bertrand Russell and Plato and references therein .Trying my level best to find arguments against my approach and article criticizing Poppers approach for the last one year spending more than 12 hours a day , few shallow criticisms and counter opinions were found –During my literary survey found an article ‘open society by George Soros, written on October 29, 2009 expressing doubts about the actual practice of democracy “ In a democracy political discourse is not aimed at discovering reality—that’s the cognitive function, but getting elected and staying in power—that’s the manipulative function”. 8It seems to share my own experience in India .Following links, come to know about O.S.F. and hence this project proposal ,decided after discussing with my friends having similar world view
It should be noted that the thousands of committed volunteers who spend their time, energy and money for the party AAP was in disappointment and frustration. It become just another party in the fray .Sycophancy become the survival criteria! . Party failed to get even a single seat in Delhi for the recent Parliament election where the party was in power just two months back!. My repeated letters were totally ignored .State unit has insulted me and even suspended me from the state committee for addressing a meeting and English translation of the talk is available in my blog http://thenewindianrenaissance.blogspot.in/ .Good number of informed volunteers suspended just through phone , by the state secretary and later he got also expelled. Thousands of party workers tried to form new party ,I was able to convince them to be assertive and wait . Fact is that the state unit never respected rule of law or propriety! National leadership at that time seems to have encouraged the aberration . Few of them including me is planning to form an N.G.O , details will be worked out adopting the principles of democracy and decentralization , I have not yet resigned from the party ,but for the last one year fully engaged in the re-reading of Philosophy of Science , Physics and Mathematics and History with an intension of developing comprehensive Liberal democratic Philosophy for an open society relevant to the Indian context .This interlude was really productive. While I was preparing this project proposal the state unit of AAP was dissolved by the national leadership and I was contacted! with apology but my humble reply was that I shall cooperate with the party but will not take any official position and more matured state unit is now leading the party in Kerala .The Introspection mode of the party was productive and the party is again gaining strength .The Delhi state assembly elections would be held on 7 February 2015 with results being announced on 10 February 2015. Studying surveys and contacting my friends in Delhi my contention is that the Mr Arvindh Kegeriwal will be the next Chief Minister in Delhi bagging more than 40 seats out of 70...........

Fractal Nature of dynamics of civilization
Brief sketch of points in my proposed book and articles
Heuristic approach to study any complex system is reductionism , Various branches of science ,epistemology, art, literature and almost every institutions evolved , has its own history, reciprocally enriching each other. Let me call it Components of Civilization (CoC). Every Component can further be reduced to epochs with names epitomizing the underlining spirit. The whole History was an interplay between Decentralization(D) and Centralization (C) . Karl Popper suggests, in a brief review, that the long period stretching from Antiquity to Hegel may be interpreted ‘in terms of the conflict between the open and the closed society’ (OS I: 252).12
Justifying the name Renaissance it bears striking similarity with the Greek civilization From invention of art of writing ,development in literature(Homer), astronomy ,Mathematics ,Democratic concepts reflected in the famous funeral oration at least by Pericles , then the period of anarchy, thirty tyrants ,trial and death of Socrates where similar to invention of printing to French revolution then - Plato to Aristotle is like Hegel to philosophy of science and liberal democratic concepts ,Neolithic revolution might have started with articulate speech , number systems, calendar and agriculture then slipping to tribal taboos. After Plato, Aristotle tried to repair the damage in philosophy and epistemology . Roman conquest , Constantine espousing Christianity and enforced dynasty and Centuries of Dark age followed . It can logically be under stood as the self similarity of fractal pattern it again help us to understand the dynamics of all civilizations in different part of the globe –Greek civilization and renaissance as inductive corroboration to the more fundamental dynamics which can axiomatically be deduced . It should be noted that in India almost similar pattern has occurred ,Atomic theory of Kanada (B.C.E 200),Buddhist philosophy and materialistic world view concept of democracy –cast system –dark ages Indian renaissance movement for a short duration of less than 50 years during the first half of 20th century.
Kurt Gödel in 1931 proved two Theorems known as Gödel's incompleteness theorems established the inherent limitations of axiomatic systems , hypothesis surly needs no proof by definition as it is accepted by agreement. If any of the hypothesis can be proved it becomes a theorem rather .But It should be asserted weather there is a contradiction or inconsistency within the set of hypothesis .It is just like trying to prove the validity of the hypothesis .This was the Second problem enlisted by Hilbert . We know the story of Euclid’s fifth postulate and later developments . Adding or removing a hypothesis we can make another system but consistency of a system cannot be proved from within ! It needs infinite regression of arguments. It again proves the inconsistency of any closed system . Karl popper introduced the concept of verisimilitude to solve the problem and it is the genesis of falsifiability It is the realization of the fact that “Our knowledge can only be finite, while our ignorance must necessarily be infinite.”
There will always be a deference between objective reality and our perception of it , One reason for the same is the pre-editing of our senses . Falsifiability is the guarantee for the progress . If we consider ontological systems including our society , can there be a closed system? .My answer is no and all closed systems are reductionist constructs and approximations , stability of solar system and three body problem were the hot subject studied extensively by Henri Poincaré’ and a new branch of non linear dynamics developed known as chaos theory with a different kind of possible order known as fractals .
Entropy is defined as a measure of disorder but without entropy there is no growth .Last fifty years has witnessed tremendous progress in non equilibrium thermodynamics .Central theme is the open system capable of exchanging entropy with surroundings .Ilya Prigogine, winner of the Nobel Prize in 1977 for his work on the thermodynamics of non equilibrium systems and author of the famous book Order Out of Chaos declared in his Nobel lecture at all levels of physical reality a global ordering principle is operating by an appropriate exchange of entropy with surroundings” . Nicolis ,Davies , El Naschie, Iovane, Nottale, Castro etc are the prominent contributors published related results.
Chaos theory remained a curiosity until the advent of high speed computers. In 1961, Edward Lorentz’s result “The Butterfly effect” showed the unpredictability of weather .In the 1970′s Benoit Mandelbrot added fractals to chaos theory. Fractals are the patterns left behind by dynamically changing systems.
Taking two competing parameters for cohesion and dispersion and noting that the rate of growth of cohesion depends on existing numerical strength of cohesion (proportional as a first approximation)and opposed by forces of dispersion, set of first order differential equation can be formed similar set can be formed with each Component of Civilization It will be like Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the predator–prey equations ,Numerical solution of the same shows the fractal structure with unexpected peaks and depressions. Growth in any CoC (Litarature ,Mathamatics , science etc ) contribute to the other components in some phases and opposite way in some other phases as both are fluctuating patterns , like resonances or avalanche in glaciers or unexpected population growth of pests or epidemics there are mutually enriching cumulative growth in all components of civilization – delayed over reaction is the underlying physical property it is common to all self organized systems .
Whole is similar to its parts in space and time is a remarkable property of fractals .Stock market price variation for a period of 10 years or 10 days, shows remarkable similarity ,same is the case with different parts of a cloud .
The fractal nature of dynamics of Self organized system is quite general ,it explains the distribution pattern of different species on this globe , self similarity along time axis explain why different species from unicellular organism to homosapiens co-exists . Returning to the dynamics of our civilization this fractal nature gives the reason why different civilization or culture from hunter- gatherer to the most civilized is existing in different parts of the globe .Geographical boundaries ,language ,immunizing strategies of closed societies are all contributing to this fact .
To bring home the idea further if we interview 100 persons selected at random from our own locality and patiently listen to their world views and problems it will contain fragments of almost all cultures and civilizations from tribal taboos to the present
We cannot seek further inspiration from Enlightenment as such. The right philosophy of open society is yet to acquire propensity ,what is required is the social engineering to have polemic both for and against the required philosophy. Most of the Scientist and technocrats are happy with parochialism. Educated youth in most part of the globe is busy in resume building .Those who are lagging behind seeks the consolation in liquor , drugs or struggling with unemployment .Intolerance, brutality, emergence of tribal taboos all disturbing me very much .Very difficult to defend the pessimistic note that this is the age of un reason. Only consolation is “that our civilization has not yet fully recovered from the shock of its birth—the transition from the tribal or “closed society”, with its submission to magical forces, to the “open society” which sets free the critical powers of man’ (OS I: xiii). Logically we are passing through the stage of infantile disorders.

6/13/2014

Draft Constitution of Swaraj Abyan -inviting your openion

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DRAFT CONSTITUTION       – THE SWARAJ ABHIYAN –

PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION - THE SWARAJ ABHIYAN

Press Note, Swaraj Abhiyan, 27-May-2015
PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SWARAJ ABHIYAN 

ARTICLE I: NAME OF THE ORGANISATION 

The name of the Organization will be SWARAJ ABHIYAN (hereinafter referred to as “the Abhiyan”). 
Provided, that save for the purposes of opening of Bank Accounts, the words “Swaraj Abhiyan” may be used in their grammatical and linguistic variations and cognate expressions by State Working Committees with the consent of the National Working Committee. 


ARTICLE II: MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION OF THE ABHIYAN

A. The Abhiyan seeks to realize the ideal of Swaraj or self-rule which implies freedom from all forms of dominance and freedom for self-realization in all spheres of life. Specifically, Swaraj includes: 
i. Participatory democracy with decentralization of power; 
ii. Equitable and sustainable access to well-being for all; 
iii. Harmonious co-living across all communities, sans any violence or discrimination; 
iv. Knowledge and culture anchored in our traditions and willing to embrace the world of today and tomorrow; 
v. Global order based on equity and fraternity among countries, races, gender, caste and religions as also between humans and nature 

B. In order to realize this ideal, the Abhiyan seeks to strengthen and deepen alternative politics in the country that would restore power to the people and alter the existing balance of power in favour of the last person. Specifically, practice of alternative politics would include: 
i. Using legitimate constitutional means to launch agitations, struggles and movements to achieve a just society 
ii. Carrying out constructive work for social reform and nation building in various fields such as education, health, farming, handicrafts, labour, cooperatives etc. 
iii. Engaging in generation of new ideas, policies, models suited for the challenges of our times and future of India and humankind 
iv. Working towards character building, especially for the youth, so that human beings can be in touch with and in harmony with their inner selves and other human being cutting across barriers of age, gender, caste, class, race, locality or nationality 
v. Intervening in democratic politics and governance so as to make it more participative, transparent and accountable to the people 

C. The activities of the Abhiyan will be carried out in accordance with its own principles of swaraj. Specifically, it would be guided by the following values: 
i. Transparency in its functioning 
ii. Participatory democracy wherein the voice of every member is respected 
iii. Democratic decision making that respects the voice of dissent 
iv. Collective leadership that avoids personality cult of any kind 
v. Decentralisation of power, so that higher levels of organisations take only those decisions that cannot be taken at grassroots level 
vi. Social diversity, especially giving due representation to those social groups such as women, SC, ST, OBC and minorities who have suffered political under-representation 
vii. Truthfulness and upholding highest standards of integrity in public life 
viii. Liberty and Justice for all 
ix. The Abhiyan will not in any manner promote or instigate or participate in violence. 


ARTICLE III: MEMBERSHIP OF THE ABHIYAN 

A. ELIGIBILITY 

Membership of the Abhiyan, subject to other clauses of this Article, is open to any person without discrimination as to age, ethnic origin, religion, disability, gender or sexual orientation, who agrees with its objectives and principles and who: 
i. is a citizen of India and above 18 years of age 
ii. is not a member of any organization whose views, objectives, policies or actions are inconsistent with the underlying objective and founding principles of the Abhiyan; 
iii. has not been convicted of any criminal offence punishable by more than 5 years in prison by a competent court or of any financial misappropriation. 

B. MEMBERSHIP PROCESS 

i. An eligible individual will, on the submission of an application and declaration along with membership fee as may be prescribed from time to time become a member of the Abhiyan unless rejected by the Unit/Working Committee functioning in the area in which he or she applies. Provided that members shall not vote on any matter within the Abhiyan until completion of a probationary period of 4 months 
ii. If a membership application is denied by the local Unit/Working Committee, it may be appealed to the next higher working committee of the Abhiyan. The Working Committee may, if it deems fit appoint one or more of its members to decide such cases. 

C. TERM 

The term of membership, subject to renewal, termination or resignation, will be 1 year. 
Provided that for the purpose of this clause, a year will be taken as the period commencing from 1st of April of a calendar year to the 31st of March of the succeeding year. 
Provided further that for the first year of membership, a year will be taken as the period commencing from the date of membership up to the following 31st of March. 
Provided further that the Abhiyan will send a reminder to all members whose membership is due for renewal. Members will have a grace period of three months on receipt of such reminder to renew their membership failing which their membership will lapse. However, in case no reminder has been sent, the grace period will be 6 months. 

D. CESSATION OF MEMBERSHIP 

A person will cease to be a member of the Abhiyan in the following events: 
a. Death 
b. Resignation 
 c. Termination 
d. Non-renewal of the Membership during grace period 

E. TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP 

A person’s membership will stand terminated if 
a. an order to the effect is passed by a competent disciplinary committee provided that no such finding may be recorded without hearing the person 
b. he/she is convicted of a criminal offence punishable by more than 5 years in prison by a competent court or of any financial misappropriation. 

F. SUSPENSION OF MEMBERSHIP
A person’s membership may be suspended by a competent Disciplinary Committee on the basis of prima facie findings in disciplinary proceedings as per the provisions of this Constitution. 

G. AFFILIATE MEMBERSHIP TO ORGANIZATIONS
i. Organizations with aims and objectives aligned to those of the Abhiyan may be admitted to affiliate status with the Abhiyan by the Working Committees at appropriate levels. 
 ii. On such affiliation, members of the affiliate organization shall become associate members without voting rights in the Abhiyan. 
iii. Representatives of organizations admitted to affiliate status may be admitted to the concerned Working Committees as invitees. 


ARTICLE IV: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE 

A. ORGANS OF THE ABHIYAN 
a. The Abhiyan will be structured at the National, State, District and Block levels with organs at respective levels being, 
i. Block Level: 
Block Unit 
ii. District Level
District Working Committee 
iii. State Level 
State Steering Committee 
State Working Committee 
iv. National Level 
National Steering Committee 
National Working Committee 

Provided, that the National Working Committee of the Abhiyan may sub-divide a state into two or more regions for functional or administrative convenience by constituting regional steering and working committees for each such region of the state. The provisions of this constitution applicable to state level committees will apply to such regional committees, mutatis mutandis and there will then be no state level committees in that state. 

Provided further that the Abhiyan may be organized at Taluka, Tehsil, Mandal, or other administrative level suitable for that state instead of at the block level as deemed fit by the concerned state working committee. Powers and functions of such units will be identical to those specified for Block units in this constitution. 

Provided further that State Working Committees may constitute separate units of the Abhiyan to operate within geographical boundaries of towns and cities and these units will be at the Block level or at district level as decided by that State Working Committee. 

b. Areas of District Units will ordinarily be the same as those of respective Administrative Districts in the State. Areas of State Units of the Abhiyan will conform to the States and Union Territories mentioned in the Constitution of India. If a state has been subdivided into Regions, boundaries of each Region will be as prescribed by the National Working Committee. 

B. BLOCK LEVEL: 

Block Unit 

a. The Block Unit will be the General Body of all members of that Unit. It will: 
i. deliberate and decide on any issue or action program to further the objectives of the Abhiyan; 
ii. scrutinize applications for membership where it deems necessary; 
iii. elect 1 Convener and 1 Joint Convener (of which at least one must be a woman) in blocks with not less than 50 members by consensus, failing which, it will be done through elections. The Convener and Joint Convener will be available to work for the Abhiyan on a regular basis. 
iv. form such teams as required and assign them such work as deemed fit, 
v. reconstitute any team or committee, 
vi. recall Convener or Joint Convener, 
vii. perform such tasks as assigned to it by the District unit from time to time for the purposes of the Abhiyan, viii. If there are not less one hundred members in a block unit, a Working Committee will be elected for that Block whose structure, powers and functions will be, as far as may be on the lines of District Working Committees. 

C. DISTRICT LEVEL 

a. District Working Committee: 

i. There will be elected a District Working Committee by all the members of that district, if the number of such members is not less than hundred. 
ii. The District Working Committee will comprise of 10 members, which shall include at least 2 women and 1 student/youth (upto 35 years of age). Provided that if no candidate from any of these groups files his/her nomination for election, the corresponding seat will be kept vacant. Such vacant seats will be filled through bye-elections to be held at such time and in such manner as prescribed. 
iii. The members referred to in sub-clause (ii) above will elect one person from among themselves as the District Convener. 
iv. If the Convener, Joint Convener or Working Committee member of any Block Unit is elected to the District Working Committee, he/she will resign from the position of Convener, Joint Convener or Block Working Committee member as the case may be, immediately. 
v. The District Working Committee may co-opt persons who are eminent individuals, experts from such fields as the National Working Committee deems fit, or persons from SC, ST, OBC, Physically Challenged or disadvantaged Religious Minority communities. The total number of co-opted members shall not exceed 25% of the current elected strength of the Committee. 
vi. Subject to the limitation of sub-clause iii of this clause, co-opted members will have all the rights of elected members of the District Working Committee. 
vii. The District Working Committee may invite anyone from within or outside the Abhiyan to attend its meetings as a ‘Special Invitee’ for one or more meetings. Such Special Invitees may participate in discussions but will not enjoy any voting rights. 
viii. A District Working Committee may, if there are hundred or more members in any Village/s, Municipal Ward, or other delineated area below block level, constitute a separate unit for that area. The provisions for Block level units will apply to such sub-divisional units mutatis mutandis. 

b. Powers and Functions of District Working Committee 

The District Working Committee will: 
i. form as many teams as are required to carry out the objectives of the Abhiyan 
ii. elect a Secretary and a Treasurer for the District from among its members 
iii. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the District as Spokespersons authorized to communicate the official Abhiyan position on any subject to the public and media. Spokespersons who are not themselves members of the District Working Committee shall be invited to attend all District Working Committee meetings as ‘special invitees’. 
iv. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the District as electronic media panelists authorized to represent the Abhiyan in media debates and discussions. 
v. monitor and supervise the activities of functionaries of the Abhiyan in that District 
vi. undertake all such activities as are needed to meet the objectives of the Abhiyan in that District 
vii. undertake activities related to public issues affecting that District 
viii. maintain the Register of Members of the Abhiyan of that District 
ix. maintain accounts of District Level Finances 
x. form District Level Committees for settling internal disputes, grievances and disciplinary actions, and for deciding complaints against block level functionaries. However District or Block level office bearers of the Abhiyan will not be members of such Committees. 
xi. reconstitute any team or committee 
xii. recall District Convener, Secretary or Treasurer by an absolute majority of total members 

D. STATE LEVEL (This will apply to Union territories also): 

a. State Steering Committee 

A State Steering Committee will be convened in each state or Union Territory where elected Working Committees are present in one-third or more Districts and will consist of 
i. Delegates nominated by the District Working Committee equal in number to the number of assembly constituencies in the District in all Districts with elected District Working Committees 
ii. Delegates nominated by the District Working Committee equal in number to one fourth of the number of assembly constituencies in the District in all Districts without elected District Working Committees 

Provided that there will be at least one delegate from every District. 

Provided further that assembly constituencies lying across District boundaries will be assigned to the District contributing the most area for purposes of this clause 

In addition, it may co-opt a maximum of 25% of its non-co-opted strength from amongst the following: 
i. experts from such fields as the National Steering Committee deems fit 
ii. eminent individuals from any field in the country 
iii. members of disadvantaged social groups, such as women, SC, ST, OBC, Physically Handicapped and disadvantaged religious minorities if there is inadequate representation of such groups 

b. Functions and Powers of the State Steering Committee: 

i. The State Steering Committee will elect the State Working Committee from among Abhiyan members in that State. Provided that if a State Steering Committee has not been convened for a State within 9 months of the formation of the Abhiyan, a state working committee of 20 members will be directly elected by all Abhiyan members of that state in such manner as prescribed by the National Working Committee. 
ii. The State Steering Committee will have the power to recall the members of the State Working Committee. 
iii. It will decide the stand and policy of the Abhiyan on issues concerning that state in such manner as may be prescribed. 

c. State Working Committee: 

Each State Working Committee will organize and coordinate the activities of the Abhiyan at the State Level. 
i. The State Working Committee will consist of not less than 15 and not more than 25 members, of which at least one fourth shall be women, and one tenth shall be students/youth (18 to 35 years of age). 
Provided that if no candidate from any of these groups files his/her nomination for election, the corresponding seat will be kept vacant. Such vacant seats shall be filled through bye-elections to be held at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed. 
Provided further that the National Working Committee may in consultation with respective State Working Committees additionally fix the number or proportion of seats mentioned in this clause to be reserved in each State Working Committee for candidates belonging to SC, ST, OBC, physically handicapped and disadvantaged religious minority communities. 
ii. The members referred to in sub-clause (i) above will elect one person from amongst themselves as the State Convener. 
iii. If the Convener or Joint Convener of any Block Unit or a member of any District or Block Working Committee is elected to the State Working Committee, he/she will resign from the position of Convener, Joint Convener or District or Block Working Committee member as the case may be, immediately. 
iv. The State Working Committee may co-opt persons who are eminent individuals, experts from such fields as the National Working Committee deems fit, or persons from SC, ST, OBC, Physically Challenged or disadvantaged Religious Minority communities. The total number of co-opted members shall not exceed 25% of the current elected strength of the Committee. 
v. The State Working Committee may invite anyone from within or outside the Abhiyan to attend its meetings as a ‘Special Invitee’ for one or more meetings. However, Special Invitees will not enjoy any voting rights. 

d. Functions and Powers of State Working Committee: 

The State Working Committee will: 
i. form as many teams as required to carry out the objectives of the Abhiyan 
ii. elect the Secretary and Treasurer for that State 
iii. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the State as Spokespersons authorized to communicate the official Abhiyan position on any subject to the public and media. Spokespersons who are not themselves members of the State Working Committee shall be invited to attend all State Working Committee meetings as ‘special invitees’. 
iv. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the State as electronic media panelists authorized to represent the Abhiyan in media debates and discussions  
v. monitor and supervise the activities of Abhiyan functionaries in that State. 
vi. undertake all such activities as are needed to meet the objectives of the Abhiyan in that State
vii. undertake various activities related to public issues affecting that State 
viii. maintain and keep accounts of State Level Finances 
ix. form State Level Committees for settling internal disputes, grievances and disciplinary actions, and for deciding complaints against district level functionaries. However, Spokespersons, media Panelists and State level office bearers of the Abhiyan will not be members of such Committees. viii. set up the first State Level Abhiyan Lokayukta 
x. reconstitute any team or committee 
xi. recall State Convener, Secretary or Treasurer by an absolute majority of total members E. 


NATIONAL LEVEL: 

a. National Steering Committee 

The National Steering Committee will be the highest policy making body of the Abhiyan. 

An elected National Steering Committee will be constituted as soon as elected Steering and Working Committees have been constituted in one-third or more States and Union Territories of the country. The National Steering Committee will comprise of 
i. Delegates nominated by the State Working Committee equal in number to the number of parliamentary constituencies in that State in all States with elected State Steering Committees 
ii. Delegates nominated by the State Working Committee equal in number to one fourth of the number of parliamentary constituencies in the State in all States without elected State Steering Committees 

Provided that there will be at least one delegate from every State. In addition, it may co-opt up to 20% of the number of state delegates from among the following: 
i. experts from such fields as the National Steering Committee deems fit 
ii. eminent individuals from any field in the country 
iii. members of disadvantaged social groups, such as women, SC, ST, OBC, Physically Handicapped and disadvantaged religious minorities if there is inadequate representation of such groups 

b. Functions and Powers of the National Steering Committee:

The National Steering Committee will 
i. elect the National Working Committee from among all Abhiyan members in the country 
ii. have the power to recall members of the National Working Committee 
iii. have the power to amend this Constitution 
iv. decide the stand and policy of the Abhiyan on issues of National interest 

c. National Working Committee: 

The National Working Committee will be the highest Working body of the Abhiyan. It will organize and coordinate activities of the Abhiyan at the National Level. 
i. The National Working Committee will consist of not less than 20 and not more than 30 members, of which at least one fourth shall be women, and one tenth shall be students/youth (18 to 35 years of age). 
Provided that if no candidate from these groups files his/her nomination for election, the corresponding seat will be kept vacant. Such vacant seats shall be filled through bye-elections to be held at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed. 
ii. The members referred to in sub-clause (i) above will elect one person from amongst themselves as the National Convener 
iii. If the Convener or Joint Convener of any Block Unit or a member of any Block, District or State Working Committee is elected to the National Working Committee, he/she will resign from the position of Convener, Joint Convener or Block, District or State Working Committee member as the case may be, immediately. 
iv. The National Working Committee may co-opt persons who are eminent individuals, experts from such fields as the National Working Committee deems fit, or persons from SC, ST, OBC, Physically Challenged or disadvantaged Religious Minority communities. The total number of co-opted members shall not exceed 25% of the current elected strength of the Committee. 
v. Subject to the limitation of sub-clause ii. of this clause, co-opted members will have all the rights of elected members of the Working Committee. 
vi. The National Working Committee may invite anyone from within or outside the Abhiyan to attend its meetings as a ‘Special Invitee’ for one or more meetings. However, Special Invitees will not enjoy any voting rights 

d. Powers and Functions of the National Working Committee 

The National Working Committee will: 
i. form as many teams as are required to carry out the objectives of the Abhiyan. 
ii. Elect the National Secretary and National Treasurer 
iii. appoint one or more Abhiyan members as Spokespersons authorized to communicate the official Abhiyan position on any subject to the public and media. Spokespersons who are not themselves members of the National Working Committee shall be invited to attend all National Working Committee meetings as ‘special invitees’. 
iv. appoint one or more Abhiyan members as electronic media panelists authorized to represent the Abhiyan in media debates and discussions 
v. monitor and supervise the activities of Abhiyan functionaries at various levels in the country 
vi. undertake all such activities as are needed to meet the objectives of the Abhiyan in the country
vii. undertake various activities related to public issues viii. maintain and keep accounts of National Level Finances 
viii. form National Level Committees for settling internal disputes, grievances and disciplinary actions. However office bearers of the Abhiyan will not be members of such Committees. 
ix. set up the first National Level Lokpal 
x. reconstitute any team or committee 
xi. recall National Convener, Secretary or Treasurer by an absolute majority of total members xii. make rules and regulations under this Constitution 

F. NRI LEVEL 

i. The Abhiyan, for the purposes of NRIs, will be divided into City, Country and Global Level. 
ii. The provisions of this Article relating to the Block, District and State Level will apply mutatis mutandis to the City, Country and Global Level respectively. 

G. TERM OF MEMBERSHIP OF COMMITTEES 

The term of office of every Steering and Working Committee member shall be three years, subject to maintaining the currency of their Abhiyan membership 

H. FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY AT EACH LEVEL 

Every Unit/Steering/Working Committee will have functional autonomy with respect to issues at the level of and arising from the area for which it is constituted. 
Provided further that National level Committees of the Abhiyan may intercede on issues concerning more than one state or if there are significant and persistent differences between regions or groups within a state. 
Provided further that a decision of a Unit/Steering/Working committee which is inconsistent with the objectives or principles of the Abhiyan may be overruled by a Steering or Working committee at a higher level. 

I. ADVISORY COMMITTEES 

i. Working Committees at District, State and National levels of the Abhiyan shall appoint Advisory Committees comprising of eminent citizens drawn from various fields to review activities and progress of the Abhiyan and to offer non-binding advice regarding the same, either on suo-moto basis, by reference of the concerned Working Committee, or on the application of any member in that area. Working Committees shall be bound to consider such advice and to deliberate the same on record. Opinions and Advise of such Advisory Committees will be put in the public domain, regardless of whether the concerned Working Committee has taken a contrary view or decision. 
ii. The composition, terms of office, meeting frequency and procedures, etc. of such advisory committees will be as prescribed. 

J. INITIAL (PROMOTER) STRUCTURE OF THE ABHIYAN 

i. There will be a Steering Committee at the National level which will function until elections take place at different levels as per the provisions of this Constitution. 
ii. This National Steering Committee will consist of all those individuals, who have subscribed to the Memorandum of Association provided for in Article II of this Constitution at the time of the Abhiyan’s formation. Provided that the Steering Committee may co-opt other eminent Abhiyan members at its second regular meeting. 
iii. Steering Committee at the National level will elect a National Working Committee 
iv. Subject to ratification of the National Steering Committee, the National Working Committee will in turn constitute State Working Committees in each state and union territory from among Abhiyan members of that State/UT. 
v. A Working Committee for a State constituted as per the preceding sub-clause will further constitute Working Committees for each District within that state from Abhiyan members of that District, in such manner as may be prescribed 
vi. All Committees constituted under this clause will function until replaced by Unit/Steering/Working committees elected in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. vii. Subject to the above, the powers and functions of Steering and Working Committees defined in this clause will be identical to the powers and functions of respective Steering and Working Committees defined in clauses A through F of this Article. 

K. SOCIAL DIVERSITY IN ABHIYAN ORGANS 

Swaraj Abhiyan shall strive to achieve social diversity within the leadership and will make special efforts to have adequate representation of marginalized and under-represented social groups. 
i. Every effort shall be made to have at least one-third number of women in every committee at all levels of the Abhiyan. It shall be mandatory to have at least one-fourth number of women in the effective strength of any committee. In case these many women are not available, the shortfall will be left vacant. 
ii. At least one-tenth of all the members of all the Committees at every level shall be filled by filled by youth aged between 18 yrs and 35 yrs. 
iii. Every effort shall be made to give due representation to under-represented social groups such as SC, ST, OBC, and disadvantaged minorities. National and State Working Committees may prescribe a minimum number or proportion for any or all of such social groups. 
iv. It shall be mandatory to report the social breakup of each committee by number of women, youth, SC, ST, minorities, or any other prescribed category. 

ARTICLE V: OFFICE BEARERS OF THE ABHIYAN 

i. The office bearers of the Abhiyan at respective levels will be: 
a. Block Level 
i. Convener and Joint Convener 
ii. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 
b. District Level 
i. District Convener 
ii. District Treasurer 
iii. District Secretary iv. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 
c. State Level 
i. State Convener 
ii. State Treasurer 
iii. State Secretary 
iv. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 
d. National Level 
i. National Convener 
ii. National Treasurer 
iii. National Secretary 
iv. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 
e. Functional divisions at each Level Working committees at every level will establish     functional divisions as prescribed, to meet the aims and objectives of the Abhiyan 


ii. POWERS & FUNCTIONS OF OFFICE BEARERS 

a. Convener 

The Convener will be in charge of functioning of the Abhiyan at the concerned Level 

b. Convener/Joint Convener at the Block Level and Convener at the District/ State/ National Level will 

i. facilitate and organize meetings of the Unit 
ii. implement and execute decisions of the Abhiyan and carry out all such work as assigned from time to time 

c. Secretary 

The Secretary will be responsible for 
i. managing the day to day affairs of the Secretariat at the concerned Level 
ii. maintaining records and maintaining minutes of the meetings at the concerned level 
iii. carrying out all such work as given to him/her by the Abhiyan from time to time 
iv. Secretary at National level will represent Abhiyan for all legal purposes 

d. Treasurer 

The Treasurer will be responsible for 
i. maintaining accounts at the concerned Level, ensuring adequate supervision and training of Treasurers at lower levels, combining and collating accounts from lower levels with own level and ensuring that they are duly reported every quarter 
ii. following all guidelines and instructions issued from time to time with respect to maintenance of accounts etc.  

e. National Treasurer 

The National Treasurer additionally will 
i. ensure that Accounts of the Abhiyan are properly maintained and are audited by an independent Auditor 
ii. ensure that all statutory compliances regarding accounts and funds of the Abhiyan are duly completed 


iii. TERM OF OFFICE OF OFFICE BEARERS 
Term of office of all office bearers will ordinarily be three years, subject to maintaining the currency of their membership status for the duration of their term. Working Committee members should ordinarily make themselves available for Abhiyan work for at least 10 hrs/week on average. 
No member will hold the same post as an office bearer for more than two terms of three years each. 


D. RESTRICTIONS ON HOLDING POSITIONS WITHIN THE ABHIYAN 

i. No member of a Working Committees of the Abhiyan at any level or Block Convener or Jt Convener may be a member of any other Working Committee or serve as Convener or Jt Convener of in a different unit. 
ii. No Block Convener, Jt Converner, or member of a Working Committee of the Abhiyan can be a part of any Disciplinary Committee of the Abhiyan 
iii. No family member (spouse, child, parent or sibling) of any Block Convener, Jt Convener, or Working or Disciplinary Committee of the Abhiyan may serve as Converner, Jt Convener or on any Working or Disciplinary Committee of the Abhiyan 
iv. No family member (spouse, child, parent or sibling) of any Steering Committee of the Abhiyan may serve on the same Steering Committee of the Abhiyan 

Provided that there shall be no bar on any Steering, Working or Disciplinary Committee member from serving as a Spokesperson or Media Panelist of the Abhiyan or working with a functional division established as prescribed under sub-clause e of clause A of Article V of this Constitution at any level. 

Provided further that members of the Lokpal or any State Lokayukta or their family members (spouse, child, parent or sibling) may not be members of any Steering or Working Committee of the Abhiyan. Provided further that no member of any political party shall hold any office, or be a spokesperson or media panelist at any level of the Abhiyan. 


ARTICLE VI: CODE OF CONDUCT, DISCIPLINE AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION A. CODE OF CONDUCT 

a. Every member of the Abhiyan will abide by the following Code of Conduct: 
i. A member will not engage herself in any immoral or illegal activity as would tarnish the image of the Abhiyan or such conduct as would bring disrepute to it. 
ii. A member will not undertake any activity, which is contrary to the objectives of the Abhiyan as set out in this Constitution. 
iii. A member will abide by the rules framed from time to time by the National Working Committee.
iv. There will be zero tolerance for sexual harassment in any form. 
v. A member will not involve herself in any corrupt practices. 
vi. A member may not be a part of any organization which spreads disharmony on the basis of caste, creed, religion or untouchability. 
vii. A member will not engage in exploiting or ill-treating women, nor indulge in drug addiction or drunken behavior. 
viii. Members will be free to express their own opinion within and outside Abhiyan fora on policy related questions. Mere expression of difference of opinion will not be considered to be a violation of the Code of Conduct unless it runs contrary to the ideals and objectives of the Abhiyan. However, it shall be the member’s responsibility to clarify that they are speaking in personal capacity and not on behalf of the Abhiyan in such circumstances. 
Provided that when an Organ of the Abhiyan has taken a public position on any question through a statement or resolution, Working Committee Members, Office bearers and Spokespersons of the concerned Organ may not express contrary views in public fora. 

b. Without prejudice to the generality of the above, office bearers and spokespersons, must also make an annual declaration of his/her income and assets and that of his/her family honestly and correctly to the unit/Steering/Working Committee as per the proforma of the Election Commission. 

B. AUTHORITIES FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION 

i. The following will deal with complaints of violation of Code of Conduct against Office Bearers at various Levels: National Level :Lokpal State Level: State Lokayukta 
ii. To address internal disputes, indiscipline, grievances etc., Grievance Committees will be set up at each Level from within the members by the Working Committees at each Level. 
iii. The National Working Committee will frame regulations for the constitution of Disciplinary Committees and the procedures to be followed by them. 

C. PENALTIES 

Disciplinary action may result in penalties ranging from warning, censure, loss of voting rights for a specified period, and termination of membership from the Abhiyan. No disciplinary action may be taken against a member without giving an opportunity to that member to explain and answer the charges against him/her or without passing a reasoned order. 

D. COMPOSITION, APPOINTMENT /REAPPOINTMENT AND TERM OF LOKPAL/ STATE LOKAYUKTA

i. The Lokapal/State Lokayukta will be a body comprising of three persons, at least one of whom will be an eminent jurist/eminent person from the legal field. Other members will be eminent persons from different walks of life. 
ii. The First Lokpal & State Lokayuktas will be appointed by respectively the National and State Working Committees as the case may be. 
iii. The term of each Lokpal/Lokayukta member will be three years. However, in so far as the first body constituted by the National/State Working Committee is concerned, members will retire by rotation on a yearly basis starting from the end of the first year. The senior most in age will be the first to retire. 
iv. Every Lokpal/Lokayukta will be eligible for reappointment for a maximum of two terms. 
v. Vacancy caused by retirement/resignation/death of a Lokpal/State Lokayukta will be filled by nomination by the remaining and outgoing members of the body. 
vi. Lokpal will devise their own procedure and may lay down the procedure to be followed by State Lokayuktas. 
vii. Lokpal and State Lokayuktas may act on any complaint forwarded to them by a member of the Abhiyan. 
viii. Lokpal and State Lokayuktas may also initiate Suo-Moto proceedings against any office bearer of the Abhiyan falling within their Jurisdiction 


ARTICLE VII: CONDUCT OF BUSINESS, ACCOUNTABLITY & TRANSPARENCY A. MEETING

i. Every meeting of the Abhiyan will be chaired by a member of that body who is not an office bearer, as elected by members present in that meeting. This meeting chairperson will ordinarily abstain from voting in the meeting, but may exercise a casting vote in case a decision is deadlocked. 
ii. Members of a Block Unit will meet at least once a month 
iii. Steering Committees will meet at least at the following intervals: State Level: once in four month National Level: once in six months 
iv. Working Committees at various Levels will hold ordinary meetings at least, District Level: once a month State Level: once every three months National Level: once every three months 
v. If required, a meeting of a Block Unit or any Steering or Working Committee may be requisitioned by 1/3rd of the members of the concerned Unit, Steering, or Working Committee 

B. QUORUM 

Quorum for all meetings will be one-third of the strength of the concerned body for Steering Committees and one-half of the strength for Working Committees. 

There will be no requirement for a Quorum in case of Emergency or Extraordinary meetings of any Working Committee or Block Unit. However resolutions passed in such meetings will be automatically invalidated unless ratified in the next ordinary meeting of the concerned body. 

C. NOTICE 

i. The notice period for Ordinary meetings of the various bodies will be as under: 
Body Days 
Block Level        2 
District Working Committee   2 
State Steering Committee   21 
State Working Committee   4 
National Steering Committee  21 
National Working Committee   7 

ii. Emergency meetings of the District/State/National Working Committee may be convened by the concerned Convener by giving such notice as deemed fit and giving reasons. The above time periods will not be applicable for such meetings. 
iii. Members may attend meetings of the District/State/National Working Committee either in person or via video/teleconference. 

D. DECISION MAKING 

All decisions at all Levels in any meeting will be taken by consensus, failing which by a majority vote. 
Provided that, any decision to amend this constitution shall be as specified in Article IX of this constitution. 
Provided that voting in any meeting will be by secret ballot if any member so desires 
Provided further that if a desire for referendum on an issue is expressed by the concerned Working Committee, or through an initiative by not less than 15% of the total members in a District, or 10% of the total members in a State or in the Nation, the issue will be decided by referendum in that area, whose outcome will be final. A clear majority of all members who vote in the Referendum, including those who express a neutral opinion (NOTA) will be required for the initiative to prevail. 
Provided further that the wording of any such proposed initiative will have to be approved by the concerned Working Committee prior to circulation for signatures among members 

E. MINUTES AND RECORDING OF MEETINGS 

i. There will be maintained minutes of all meetings of all Units/Steering/Working Committees 
ii. Video of every meeting of the National Steering Committee will be recorded and maintained in such form as may be prescribed 
iii. All meetings of the Abhiyan shall be conducted in accordance with Meeting Rules as prescribed by the National Working Committee 

F. ACCOUNTABILITY OF OFFICE BEARERS AND COMMITTEES 

i. The Abhiyan will put in place an effective mechanism for rendering the office bearers and committees of the Abhiyan at all levels accountable to the members 
ii. The Abhiyan will put in place a system for procuring and acting upon regular feedbacks of members and volunteers about functioning of office bearers and committees at all levels and the feedback received will be discussed with the relevant committee 

G. RECALL OF OFFICE BEARERS AND REMOVAL OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS 

i. There will be a referendum on the issue of recall of an office bearer if not less than twenty percent of the members so desire and the outcome of the referendum will be final. 
ii. A member of a Steering/Working Committee will stand removed as such member if not less than fifty percent of the members participating in the referendum vote for his/her removal. 

H. PRO-ACTIVE PUBLIC DISCLOSURES AT ALL LEVELS 

The Abhiyan will put in place measures to ensure pro-active transparency and will put the following in public domain: 
i. Details of all office bearers at all levels; 
ii. Details of members of units/Steering/Working committees; 
iii. Details regarding policies made and decisions undertaken including outcomes of referendums at all levels. 
iv. Matters relating to finance, funding, donations, expenditure, etc. 
v. Feedback of volunteers and members, outcome of audit, disciplinary proceedings, etc. 
vi. Any other matter, prescribed from time to time, disclosure of which is necessary to ensure pro-active transparency. 

I. RIGHT TO INFORMATION 

i. There shall be Right to Information (RTI) in the Abhiyan, available to Abhiyan Members as well as the general public 
ii. Each Working Committee of the Abhiyan shall appoint one or more Public Information Officers (PIO) from the members of the Abhiyan in its area tasked with implementing this Right to Information 
iii. Procedures for the implementation of this RTI within the Abhiyan will be as prescribed by the National Working Committee through rules. 

ARTICLE VIII: FUNDS, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT 

A. COLLECTION OF FUNDS 

i. Funds will be collected by means of membership fee, voluntary donations, sale of materials related to the Abhiyan, cultural programs etc. 
ii. Only such persons, at the district, state and national level, as are authorized by the respective Working Committee, will receive funds. 

B. BANK ACCOUNT 

i. The Abhiyan will open such number of bank accounts and at such places as considered necessary. 
ii. There will be three authorized signatories for each Bank account namely the Treasurer and two persons, authorized by the respective National, State, or District Steering Committee. The account may be operated by any two of the three authorized signatories, provided the Treasurer is always one of them. National and State Treasurers will additionally exercise supervisory control over State & District level bank accounts respectively, through such procedures as may be prescribed. 
iii. All receipts will first be deposited in the bank accounts of the Abhiyan before being drawn for the purpose of meeting expenses. 

C. UTILISATION OF FUNDS 

i. The funds received by the Abhiyan will be utilized for meeting the objectives of the Abhiyan. 
ii. The funds will be utilized by the concerned Working Committee. The National Working Committee may frame regulations governing the utilization of funds. 

The Accounts will be maintained on accrual basis. The Details of all donations and expenses will be made transparent and will be uploaded and duly updated on the website(s) of the Abhiyan at such frequency as may be prescribed. 

E. AUDIT AND FINANCIAL REVIEW 

The Abhiyan will put in place mechanisms for the conduct of annual audit and financial review of the Abhiyan. 


ARTICLE IX: AMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION 

This Constitution can be amended by the National Steering Committee provided that the amendment has the approval of 2/3rd of its members present and voting after due notice to all the members. For this purpose, if a resolution for amendment bearing the signatures of at least 10% members of the National Steering Committee is received, a meeting of the National Steering Committee will be convened within 30 days thereafter to decide the same. 

Provided that the approval of a simple majority of members present and voting after due notice to all the members will suffice for amending this Constitution at the second general meeting of the National Steering Committee. 

Provided further that this Constitution may be amended through a referendum of all members of the Abhiyan in the Country as per clause D of Article VII of this Constitution. 

Provided further that any decision to contest elections under the banner of the Abhiyan or to form a Political Party will require an amendment to this Constitution specifically enabling the same. 


ARTICLE X: INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 

The decision of the National Working Committee will be final on any question of interpretation of this Constitution or the rules and regulations framed there under, unless subsequently overturned by the National Steering Committee 


ARTICLE XI: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

The National Working Committee will frame regulations for filling the vacancies caused by resignation, expulsion or death of a member of a Unit/Working/Steering Committee.


             .

“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I,
I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference.
   Robert Frost (1874 – 1963 / San Francisco)
Poem explains  ‘Bifurcation phenomenon ’   non technically -with a difference that  choice  is unpredictable.  But in History we can  force the choice  by democratic consensus .