Why the earth quake canot be predicted ?

                      Can we prevent Earth quakes?   Is it possible to predict it?                            With sufficient  accuracy  If No why? 

       These are questions, we would like to address now  Earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes are just some of the deadly hazards ,we are exposed to, on Earth. These events shape our planet and affect, where and how we live. Can we prevent Earth quakes ,or can it  be predicted if no why? These are the questions we would like to address now

What is an earthquake?

An earthquake is the shaking and vibration at the surface of the Earth caused by energy being released along a fault plane, at the edge of a tectonic plate or by volcanic activity.

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of Earth’s outer layer (the crust and a portion of the upper mantle). The outside layer of Earth is split intotectonic plates,which are moving slightly due to the movement of magma in the layer below. This causes plates to squeeze together, move apart and slide alongside each other. Earthquakes are classified into two types: 

1.Interplate earthquakes

These earthquakes occur on tectonic plate boundaries where the tectonic plates are moving towards each other or sliding alongside each other. If the United States which

are located on tectonic plate boundaries. Large earthquakes are usually interplate earthquakes.

2.Intraplate earthquakes  

These occur in the middle of tectonic plates on fault zones where the pressure of the tectonic plate being squashed and forced to move builds up and is released through the cracks in rocks associated with fault zones, resulting in an earthquake.

The largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5 in Chile on May 22, There were attempts to correlate it with phases of the Moon? With seasons ,weather Sunspots and solar cycles? . Every prediction method makes lucky hits, but none of them really worked .Lay people reinvent these hypotheses anyway.

                                    Scientists have moved on to more sophisticated guesses, but with little more success. It doesn't matter, for instance, how long it has been since the last earthquake along a particular stretch of geologic fault. It doesn't matter what fluid pressures underground are doing—rising, falling, or fluctuating. It doesn't matter what the electrical conductivity of the ground is doing. The behaviour of earthquake faults is a stubborn mystery. Seismologist Yan Kagan of UCLA said a few years ago, "It may require the development of completely new mathematical and theoretical tools.

A team of Greek seismologists, known as the VAN group after the names of its leaders (Panayotis Varotsos, Kessar Alexopoulos, and Kostas Nomicos of the University of Athens), has long claimed to make useful predictions from a complicated network of signal detectors in electric power lines of many kilometres length. But a dedicated group of critics has kept the VAN group on its mettle. The debate was formalized in 1996 in Geophysical Research Letters. The VAN group responded to each of 16 Comments with a formal Reply. In some cases the exchange continued further, a sign of strong disagreement over basic matters. These days their work seems to be ignored generally, although Seiya Uyeda continues similar research with his group in Japan.The overwhelming consensus of the meeting was that earthquake prediction, in the popular sense of deterministic short-term prediction, is not possible at present. Most of the participants also agreed that the chaotic, highly non-linear .The word "chaotic" is significant, because the mathematics of chaos is a step forward. The pattern of earthquakes along a fault resembles other chaotic phenomena like the avalanching of a sand pile under a random rain of sand grains—while each individual occurrence is unpredictable, the bulk result can be modeled quite precisely. In the case of the sand pile, the bulk result is a cone with sides at the angle of repose. For earthquakes it is an overall level of energy release that matches the tectonic movement of the earth's plates. From that information we can confidently map the expected long-term hazards for a region—that is, we can construct long-term forecasts. This is vitally useful for planners, emergency agencies, and designers of buildings and other structures.

                                                 Because we don’t know enough about plate tectonics. “We basically have a 50-year-old science, compared with most other sciences, which are hundreds of years old,” says Chris Goldfinger, director of the Active Tectonics and Seafloor Mapping Laboratory at Oregon State University. By SCIENCE most us inclined to think about 'the systematic and objective study ' which has developed during Renaissance -Deterministic and reductionistic approach -with the backing of celebrated 17^th Century mathematics-known now as Cartesian determinism . Development of quantum mechanics , non-linear dynamics ,chaos and collective phenomenon and Self Organised Systems[SOS] has brought a paradigm shift to the basic concepts -still Newtonian mechanics is applicable as valid approximation -stretching beyond its domain of applicability gives erroneous results.

                                                Chris Goldfinger's optimism stems from that tradition, the sacrosanct principle was casualty-which entails that there is a cause to every effect – applying the method of reductions a single cause- to a single effect was attributed – a close look at any physical phenomenon reveals another aspects .There are multiple causes known and unknown -same is the case with effects there will be cascading effect of multiples causes and precise prediction is impossible – it just a hope that more development in science and technology will make precise prediction possible . Every answer to a problem bring more questions as well . Leaving all these philosophical and technical details let us consider a simple example take a wooden meter scale ,bend it by applying torque at both ends it may brake if the torque is sufficient- can we predict exact spot in which it will break ,if we repeat the experiment with another wooden scale -what about the shape of the broken boundary -it looks just like the boundary of a cloud or snow flake – Three-body problem by Henri Poincaré in 1890. He later proposed that such phenomena could be common, for example, in meteorology. In 1961, Edward Lorenz coined the 'The butterfly effect' and proved how precis prediction of weather is impossible 

 

                                      It is interesting to note the case of , Italian courts convicted six scientists and a government official—all members of the National Commission for the Forecast and Prevention of Major Risks—of manslaughter for giving "incomplete, imprecise and contradictory" information in the days leading up to an earthquake that struck L'Aquila on April 6, 2009. Tens of thousands of buildings were destroyed, 1000 people were injured, and 308 people died, and the courts believe it was because scientists didn't do enough to warn civilians of the risk of a devastating quake.

Unpredictability -self similarity ,fractal nature in space and time are common features of  all self organized  systems .These are classic examples of  open systems, takes inputs from outside -cascading effect of multiple causes takes away the deterministic trajectory . In sociology and politics it is  much more visible as the smallest component  participating in the structure formation is the individuals -we people .How many of us were able to predict  the exponential growth of a  political party known as AAP in India.Even its strongest opponents was not able to foresaw its fall from height of high morality, ethics and propriety . The sudden growth of civilization in Greece,renaissance -rise and fall of Hitler and Stalin   and History as an open book will teach us more .

Adv. Prashanth Bhushans letter Mr Kejeriwal - reveals the story of a new initiative -Swaraj Abyan

 

(Prashant Bhushan is a famous lawyer-activist whose public interest litigations have helped expose major scams. He is a founding member of the Aam Aadmi Party.)

Dear Arvind,

In the National Council meeting held on the March 28, in your Convenor's address, instead of giving a review of the party's situation and the path ahead, you chose to launch an attack on Yogendra Ji, my father and me, making all sorts of false and inflammatory allegations against us. Your speech incited several Delhi MLAs- (who were invited despite not being members of the NC) to scream that we were "gaddars" who should be thrown out, and behave in the manner of hooligans. Such was the ferocity of the mob of these MLAs and others as they rushed towards my father, that he felt that he may not get out of this alive.

You did not even allow us to respond to your allegations. Immediately after your speech, in the middle of shouting and screaming by MLAs and others, Manish read out a resolution for our removal (without any chair, and without anyone allowing him to do so). He then proceeded to call for vote by show of hands without allowing any discussion, forcing us to walk out of what had clearly become a farce.
It was farcical for many reasons: Many members of the NC had not been invited or allowed to attend; more than half the people inside the meeting hall were non-members, which included MLAs, district and State conveners of four states, volunteers and bouncers; there was no orderly conduct of the proceedings for many reasons, including the hooliganism displayed by many people there; no independent videography was allowed, the party's Lokpal was not allowed, etc.

What has happened subsequent to the 28th, however, has taken the farce to a level where it seems as if a Stalinist purge is taking place in the party. The party's internal Lokpal, a person of immense stature and independence, has been removed unconstitutionally, merely because he expressed his wish to attend the National Council meeting and was seen to be fair; other members of the National Executive are being suspended, again unconstitutionally, only because they had attended a press conference held by us after the hooliganism in the National Council meeting.

Thereafter, you have ordered the release of a carefully-edited version of your speech at the National Council meeting, containing various false charges against us, and carefully editing out the portions showing the hooliganism of the mob. It is in such circumstances that I am having to write this open letter to you.

In order to respond to your charges, I would need to go back a bit to see where my serious differences started with you.  If you will remember, my differences started after the Lok Sabha elections, when a series of things happened which began to show two serious defects in your character and personality. Firstly, you wanted  to push through your decisions at any cost in the party, despite the majority of the PAC or the National Executive disagreeing with you. This included  decisions that would have undoubtedly been very harmful for the party and against public interest. And secondly, you were  willing to use some very highly unethical and even criminal means to achieve your ends.

After the Lok Sabha elections, you felt that the party was  finished, and could only be revived if it were  able to form the government again in Delhi. So immediately after the elections, you started talking to the Congress party for taking its support again to  form the government in Delhi. When news of this came out, a large number of important  people in the party including Prithvi Reddy, Mayank Gandhi and Anjali Damania called me up saying this would be disastrous, and if this happens, they would have to quit the party. I was in Shimla at that time, I called you up, and I said that you should not go ahead with this unless there is a proper discussion in the Political Action Committee (PAC).

I immediately came back and we had a meeting of the PAC at  your residence. And at that meeting, a majority of the members - 5:4 - felt that we should not go ahead with forming the government with Congress' support. I had pointed out that this would seem extremely opportunistic, since there was no logical reason for us to change our publicly stated position. I also added that such a government would not last, as the Congress will withdraw support soon, and thereafter, for us to revive the party would become even more difficult.

Instead of abiding by the majority decision, you said that while that may be the majority view, as the Convenor of the party, you have the right to take the final decision, and that you would go ahead with seeking Congress' support. At that point, I had a verbal argument with you. I said the party can't be run in this manner, and it has to be run by some democratic means. So it was decided to refer this issue to the National Executive which had many more people. This reference was made by email, and people were expected to vote by next morning. By next morning, again a majority of people opposed this decision in the National Executive and yet, a letter was secretly sent by you to the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi saying that he should not dissolve the Assembly for another week because AAP wants to seek the opinion of the people on whether to form the government again.

Immediately after the letter came out, Congress said they were not ready to support AAP and that left us with egg on our face with the result that you had to backtrack the next day and apologize. But despite that, the attempt to form the government with Congress' support or with the support of breakaway MLAs from the Congress continued, as is clear from the sting tape of Rajesh Garg which shows you were wanting to form the government with the support of those MLAs whom you had yourself accused of having being bought over by the BJP for Rs. 4 crore each. How could you even think of forming a government with the support of such people! And this went on till as late as November, just before the dissolution of the Assembly. In November, you called Nikhil Dey and asked him to speak to Rahul Gandhi to convince him to get the Congress party to support. But Nikhil told you that he can't talk to Rahul Gandhi on this issue.

Can you deny any of these facts? All this, showed your willingness to go against majority opinion, break all democratic rules of the party, and seek unethical support of MLAs whom you yourself had accused of being corrupt, all in the pursuit of power at any cost.
Then came the issue of AVAM or Aam Aadmi Volunteer Action Manch, which was a group of volunteers who wanted their voices heard in the party. Because this was threatening to brew into a rebellion amongst volunteers who felt that they were being used only like slave labour, and because you felt that it was necessary to crush this, it appears that the party got an SMS sent in the name of AVAM, saying that volunteers should join the BJP - the idea was to  suggest  that AVAM had become an agent of the BJP, though the SMS was  fabricated by the party itself in the name of AVAM. And using this, you announced in a Google Hangout that these people had become traitors because of that SMS. And on that basis, Karan Singh, who was the leader of AVAM, was suspended and removed from the party. He appealed to the national disciplinary committee, which I was heading, and he said 'I had been saying that this is not sent by me, please have this investigated'. So I asked you and Dilip Pandey and others to get this investigated, but you steadfastly refused.
Eventually, Karan Singh had to lodge an FIR, and the police investigated the matter and it was found that a volunteer of the party, not of AVAM, called Deepak Chaudhary, created this identity in the name of AAVAAM and used that to send that SMS. You should know Arvind, that impersonating an organisation or persons in order to defame them, is a serious criminal offence. Unfortunately young volunteers in the party under your tutelage are being taught that use of such means is OK in politics, since any means used to defeat a "Bigger evil" is OK.

Then came the issue of whether the party should contest Assembly elections in Haryana and Maharashtra. Again the matter was put to the National Executive by email, and the majority - 15 is to 4 - said that that should be left to state units to decide in accordance with our principle of Swaraj. But you did not allow that decision to be implemented. And eventually, it was rendered infructuous, because elections came too close and finally in that National Executive meet in Sangrur it was decided that there's no point, and one should forget about contesting those elections.
When the Delhi elections were announced and campaigning started, you instructed volunteers to start a campaign 'Modi for PM, Kejriwal for CM'. I said this is totally unprincipled. It means that our party has gone down on its knees before Modi at a time when it was positioning itself as the main opposition to Modi.
When the process of candidate selection for the Delhi Assembly election of 2015 started, I found there was no transparency. Contrary to earlier practice, we were not posting candidates' names on the website. Even the PAC, which was meant to approve the candidate, was not being sent the bio-data or names of the candidates in advance to enable us to check the records of the candidates. In the second meeting of the PAC to discuss candidate selection, because I had received complaints about two of the candidates who were being proposed in that meeting, I pointed this out. You got very angry saying, "Why do you think we will be selecting crooked people?" I said that is not the point - we need to have some transparency and due diligence. That led to an argument between you and me, and I walked out of that meeting and wrote an email on November 27, that I cannot be a rubber stamp for non-transparent and questionable selection of candidates. That email is now in the public domain.
After that, in the next list, again there were at least four questionable candidates among the 10 names proposed. Yogendra Yadav and I wrote a letter to the PAC on 10th December, detailing the objections against these four and pointing out that this time, the process of candidate selection was very different from the last time. This time, we were giving tickets to a large number of political entrepreneurs who had joined the party only for opportunism, who had jumped  ship from Congress, BJP or BSP at the last moment,  who had no ideological commitment to our party, had no record of public service, and whose sources of wealth weren't explained.
Some of them were people against whom our party had itself complained that they were distributing money or liquor or had beaten up our volunteers. One of them (our initial choice from Wazirpur), went back to the BJP within 4 hours of us announcing his candidature. Your initial choice for the Mehrauli seat, Gandas, had to be dropped at the last moment only because his photographs were circulated with him showing off, with a glass of liquor in one hand and a revolver in the other. Yet, while he was dropped, his brother was given the ticket. Eventually, even he had to be changed because our Lokpal, Admiral Ramdas gave a strong report against him.

Thereafter, AAP stopped having meetings of the PAC or sending names for the approval of the PAC, and started announcing names on their own. When all this happened, I said "Now enough is enough. If this does not stop, and if there is no credible scrutiny of these candidates, I will have to resign from the party and make public the reasons for my resignation." On that, an emergency meeting was called at my residence on January 4, by Yogendra Yadav, Prithvi Reddy etc which had 16-17 people from all over the country, important functionaries of the party. All of them felt that the party's campaign would be ruined if I resigned at that stage.

In that meeting I said, "Look, all these kinds of compromises are being made, various ethical corners are being cut and now you are selecting these kind of candidates without proper transparency or scrutiny. If you go with these kinds of candidates, then even if you win, the further compromises that you will have to make, will be such that they will completely destroy the USP of the party, which is of being a clean, transparent party, wedded to alternative politics. And instead of winning by using these kinds of candidates, it would be better to lose the elections by going with clean and honourable candidates". That statement is being twisted around to claim that I said that I wanted the party to lose.
I had said that rather than winning by these kinds of candidates and means, it's better to go with honourable candidates and run the risk of a possible loss. Because winning with these kinds of candidates and means destroys the founding principles of the party in the short run, and will destroy the party itself in the long run.
If I had wanted the party to lose the elections, I would have resigned and gone public with my reasons at that very time. If Yogendra Yadav wanted the party to lose, he would not have convened that meeting and stopped me from going public. Instead, he worked his heart out for this campaign, defended the party on innumerable occasions on TV. And yet you have the temerity to accuse even him, along with me, of working for the defeat of the party!
At the end of that meeting, an arrangement was worked out with your express consent, that: We would immediately refer all the complaints against candidates who had been selected to the Lokpal of the party and his decision would be final. And the rest of the issues of institutional reforms about transparency in the party, accountability, swaraj, inner party democracy - those issues will be taken up immediately after the elections. So those complaints against 12 candidates were referred to the Lokpal. In the 4 days that he had to do this exercise, he recommended the  removal of two against whom there was clear evidence, recommended the issuance of warnings against six against whom there was some evidence, and allowed four to continue. Two were thus removed.

But the other issue of institutional reforms, which was agreed to be taken up within two days of the election results, were not discussed. Instead, the National Executive meeting of February 26, which you chose not to attend, started with Vishwas announcing your resignation and a no holds barred attack on Yogendra Yadav and myself by members of your coterie. The message conveyed by them on your behalf was clear: That the price for your continuing as Convenor was our removal from the PAC and NE. I then responded and pointed out the things I have mentioned above, and the issues of institutional reforms, but those were not discussed. The only issue that was discussed that day was whether you should continue as Convenor.
We all agreed that you should continue, but thereafter, some people went to your residence to meet you, and you made it clear that it's either you or us, and that we have to be removed. And therefore, that is what happened in the next meeting which was held on March 4.
A charge that is made against me is that I did not campaign for the party during this election. I had said that I can't campaign for many of these candidates, and given the manner in which these candidates had been selected, I was willing to campaign only for those candidates about whom I was fairly certain that they were the kind of people who would take the ideology of clean politics forward and work in public interest if they win. I had in fact given a list of five people that I thought were decent. But the party did not send me any programme for addressing public meetings. I therefore went for Pankaj Pushkar's public meetings who had personally invited me.
The other charge made against me is that I stopped people from donating to AAP. When other people asked me whether they should donate etc, I'd said, "Look, you should donate to those candidates who appear to be decent and honest to you". You and your coterie have made the same charge against my sister Shalini Gupta. She also said the same thing that I had said to a closed circle of friends. In fact she strenuously encouraged the Global group to donate to deserving candidates, which is why several candidates got so much funds from NRIs.
Your coterie have also accused my father, my sister and myself of trying to capture the party. Arvind, you know very well that none of us have even wanted any executive positions or tickets for ourselves or any friends or family members. We have only tried to contribute and help in every way that we could to see the party grow into a powerful and credible vehicle for alternative politics in the country. My father, apart from donating more than 2 crores as seed money to the party, has spent an enormous amount of time in giving selfless advice, legal and otherwise to the party. He played a major role in the draft of the Jan Lokpal bill. He worked for the well being of the party with his "tan, man and dhan". Yes, when he felt that you, for various reasons were not the right person to lead the party organisation, he frankly told you so. Apart from the reasons of ethical compromises mentioned above, he also saw that you were violating the constitution and rules of the party repeatedly, not allowing any working structure of the party organisation to be created (other than a coterie), and were not interested in formulating the policies of the party.

For two years, the elaborate reports of the 34 policy committees that we had set up, have been gathering dust because you havent found the time or have the inclination to look at those reports and apply your mind to them. You accuse my father of having stated that you were his third choice for CM after Kiran Bedi and Ajay Maken. That was his honest view after seeing all the shorcomings in your character that he had been observing. I had immediately publicly disagreed with his opinion, but in the light of what has transpired subsequently, particularly the stage managed lumpenism that you got unleashed in the NC meeting, I regretfully wonder if he was right.

My sister Shalini Gupta, as well as many other highly qualified persons, left their lucrative jobs abroad to help you build credible and efficient systems which would have proper cells and expertise so that it could function as a world class organisation. On repeated occasions you had yourself asked Shalini to give up her job for the sake of the country and said that her role as Organization Development Advisor was only an advisory role and not a formal position with any power in the party as discussed in the PAC before she was appointed.  However it became clear over time that you did not want any professional advice in this matter. Instead you asked Ashutosh who has no such professional expertise to come up with an alternative plan to make each cell of the party organisation an appendage to your coterie and accountable only to you.

It is true Arvind that I have not contributed as much as you for the party. I have not fasted, nor gone to jail. I have been mostly involved in my various PILs against various scams, 2G, Coalgate, the CBI director, 4G, the Reliance Gas robbery, against GM foods, Nuclear Power Plants, destructive Hydel projects, Section 66A, Tobacco and Gutka, etc. I have spent the rest of my time giving legal and other advice to the party and fighting its cases in court. I have never been interested in any executive posts and I have seen my role in the party mainly as a person who will try and ensure that it remains true to its founding principles. And it is for this reason that I have raised my voice whenever I have found it to be slipping from its path.

Arvind, this party was founded with a lot of idealism by thousands of people, especially young people, who came out and spent a lot of their time, effort, energy, money, sweat and blood in order to create a vehicle for alternative politics, in order to create a party that would practice clean and transparent politics. But unfortunately, all those principles are being betrayed by you and your coterie, who are currently in control of the party. And it has become a supremo-oriented, high-command culture kind of party.

You feel that you can rectify everything by running the Delhi government well in the 5 years that you have. You think that if you deliver on governance, people will forget what you have done to the party. I wish you well in that endeavour. Even traditional political parties like Congress, BJP have done some governance.  But the dream that we started with for clean and principled politics and corruption free governance was much much bigger.  The fear that I have, is that after how you have behaved and the character traits that you have showed, this dream of clean and principled politics that the Aam Aadmi party was founded on may well turn into a nightmare. But still, I wish you well.

Goodbye and good luck,

Prashant

Indian politic in cross roads-AAP and its infantile disorders

Adv Prasanth Bhusan and Yogendra Yadev have highlighted the right demand in harmony with the principles of Swaraj ,Decentralization and Democracy . Common denominator of Indian political system is High command culture and NOMINATION SYNDROME .Thousands of volunteers raise these historically relevant issues to make India proud, but History has shown the opposite trends as well - In Collective phenomenon of  self organized systems like human society 'Delayed over reaction seems to be the rule ' Great Principles of of Democracy by Pericles (Ref:' Funeral Oration')and Democritus , later ossified to anarchy and then , the Thirty Tyrants -trial and Magistricide of great Philosopher Socrates -Platonist rhetoric and sophistry with 'noble lies ' ,Self appointed guardian advocating  'Utopian Republic ' ,putting his words in the mouth of Socrates .(Ref Opens Society and its enemies- Karl Popper) Philanthropy,liberty and freedom of early Christianity later compelled  Constantine the 'Great' (27 February c. 272 AD^[1] – 22 May 337 AD),to espouse it tactically.Used the mass support to bring  dynastic -Divine right rule  and we call this long period from Third century to 15th Century as 'Dark ages ' in Europe,just like the early Buddhism faded and cast-ism ruled the roost. Then the Enlightenment with -Principles of liberty, equality, fraternity, after running its course through Dark ages – The Age of reason evolved in nearly three Centuries gradually succumbed to Centralization and autocracy (Ref :Alexis de Tocqueville on French revolution ) . Enlightenment slipped to  redundant reductionism -Laplaceian determinism and finally to Fascism and Totalitarianism -Philosophical basis of the same has provided by Hegel . Indian counter part of renaissance, giving space to Congress misrule and assassination of Mahatmaji . Misterious disappearance of Nethaji.,J.P movement , gradually hijacked by  Indian Fascism, with text book ingredients like with national jingoism,religious fanaticism and tribal taboos.   After Annaji's great movement and exponential growth of AAP ,there is the real danger of autocracy and centralization. ! Fascism is impatiently waiting out side .This is not to give pessimistic tint to the honest approach but a warning to those who are adopting diplomatic silence with a careerist bent of mind .Attempts to fume out respected leaders like Prasantji and Yogendraji is unethical. It is the beginning of the DECLINING PHASE of AAP and Indian Democracy . More dangerous is the dislodging Admiral Ramdas- the ombudsman . But let me recall the attempts of Musharraf In Pakistan (2007)to dislodge Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry,
In the present context Adv  Prashant Bhushan ,Prof.Yogendra Yadave,Prof Anadh Kumarv  and thousands of dedicated volunteers are representing the right principles, vigorously advocated by Great leaders like Mahathmaji, Bhagath Singh, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Ref at least the proposed Lahore speech which never has taken place !) ,Dr.Ram Manoher Lohia and M.N.Roy – .Brutal majority with  nominated sycophants has voted  out founding leaders together with founding principles  and dislodge the ombudsman Admiral Ramdas . Respected people adopting diplomatic silence please note , you are next! -you may be compelled to soften your stand for survival with in the party but Paradigm of centralization always try to draw smaller and smaller circles ! And final imploding would be inevitable  . Please be  strong and  adhere to the true values of Humanism and openness .Proud Indians will be with you. I am agreeing with the fact that some Centralization is required during the infant stage of the party -later there must be Centralization in the basis of strong ideology. Problem with the party is that it failed to nourish the right Historically relevant Philosophy !

                     Compromise is not a one time job it demands further chain of compromises-and will be compelled to  resist sooner . But as a tactics from both sides, yes, both sides can buy more time before the final assault. Those who became lazy after compromise will loose the battle . Lie needs more lies just like violence breeds more violence. Peace based on Right is Might is the Right choice. Might is Right is the slogan of sycophants.
                     History always provide good many parallels ,even though it never repeats. It helps us to mould the present and shape the future provided we learn the right lessons, applying to the right context Consider Indian political scenario in 1946 -India’s independence was only a matter of time. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the president of Congress party at that time , natural choice as the first Prime Minister of independent India. Mahatmaji favoured Jawarlal Nehru, non of the Pradesh Congress Committees(PCC) supported him ,only few Congress Working committee(CWC) members favoured him .The majority support was in favour of Sardar patel and then to Acharya J B Kriplani . Coronation of Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru as India’s first Prime Minister was a 'compromise to democracy '. Mahatmaji feared ;Nehru could cause problems and was well aware of his relationship with Mount Batten – It marked the declining phase of Indian renaissance. It should be noted that Jawarlal Nehru while praising Chanakya as the Indian- Machiavelli and commented “..bigger person in every way ,greater intelligence;humble adviser to any ruler” (Ref:'Discovery of India ,Page 124 )Gradually great leaders Like Mahathmaji, Vinobha bave, Jayaprakash Narayanan ,Dr B.R Abdedkar and a long list of proud Indians distanced from the main stream of Congress politics .Mystery behind the cruel Assassination of Mahathmaji and tragic disappearance of Nathaji Subhash Chandrabose still remains , In 1958, Feroze khan Jehangir Ghandy , raised the 'Haridas Mundhra' scandal, involving the government controlled LIC ,a huge embarrassment to Nehru's government .Eventually T.T. Krishnamachari then Finance Minister resigned . Feroze khan was a democrat and proud Indian upholding high moral and ethical values ,later his rift with his wife and her father Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is well known. Equally known is the story of his surname Gandhi .We have seen for few decades the misrule of so-called 'Gandhi dynasty' .
Corruption, graduated from few hundred thousands of INR to Billions – J.P movement ,Anna Hazare movement -formation of AAP – its ups and downs in it's votes ,seats ,reputation and moral strength. Dirty tricks, lies ,attempts to fume out leaders of name and reputation like Adv Shanthi Bhushan ,Adv Prashant Bhushan ,Prof Yogendra Yadave ,Prof Anand Kumar above all admiral Ramdas ,the Internal lokpal. Prominent individuals like Medha Patkar, Aruna Roy, all naturally expressed their grace ,dignity and sense of values . AAP 's Patiala MP Dharamvira Gandhi, MLA Pankaj Pushkar,rightly upholding the spirit of the movement and give the indication that there are still few more in the echelons of legislature power and more chapters to the episode are yet to be written .
Asuthosh in his usual sycophantic cacophony compared Mr.Arvindh Kejrwal with Pundit Nehru while agreeing with him in spirit -Jawaharlar Neru was more intelligent and shared some democratic pursuit with his European counterparts mainly  due the social thinking prevailed in European Universities as the reverberation of Renaissance .He would have behaved with grace after the victory in Delhi . Perhaps Chief Minister ship in Delhi even for a short term may be the highest dream achievable to an average Indian politician well versed in dirty tricks. It is now worth quoting an admirer of Machiavelli’s “dangerous” and “immoral” teachings:- Ronald Reagan once said, “Politics is supposed to be the second oldest profession. I have come to realize that it bears a very close resemblance to the first.”.
                  For them everything is right in love and war .Politic is just the war for power .This context is to be realistically analysed with commitment to the greater cause . Let me appreciate the matured decision to postpone formation a political party now . Social initiative is a prerequisite for political alternative .It is the lesson stressed by Dr.B.R Ambedkar (Lahor talk point.2) Let me put forward few suggestions after discussing with good number of volunteers :-
1. Amass petition is to be filed with E.C ,against Mr.Arvindh kejiriwal and coterie for the violating AAP constitution,in number of ways -prepare petition to be signed online.
2. Again upholding the 'Basic principle doctrine of Indian constitution ' legal suit is to be filed .They have cheated the public by showing a democratic constitution,espousing transparency and pluralism .vision document and public speeches,cashing on the credibility of good number of real leaders -thousands of volunteers has spend time ,money and energy for a noble cause and terribly betrayed.
3. Recalling the right to recall provision of the AAP constitution start organizing public opinion for the demand for resignation of Arvindh Kejiriwal and coterie from all party posts and from Delhi ministry.
4. That would be a lesson to other political parties as well . This is the right time to raise the demand for bringing all recognized political parties under R.T.I.
5. Join with other people's movement for justice and survival of the deprived .
Thanking you- If you agree share and popularize these demands and it's rational and noble intentions . If you don't agree try to correct me logically I shall join you .
Prof.Gopalakrishna Panicker -Kerala http://thenewindianrenaissance.blogspot.in/

-Prof.Gopalakrishna Panicker Kerala -

Draft Constitution of Swaraj Abyan -inviting your openion

      

DRAFT CONSTITUTION       – THE SWARAJ ABHIYAN –

PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION - THE SWARAJ ABHIYAN

Press Note, Swaraj Abhiyan, 27-May-2015

PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION OF THE SWARAJ ABHIYAN 

ARTICLE I: NAME OF THE ORGANISATION 

The name of the Organization will be SWARAJ ABHIYAN (hereinafter referred to as “the Abhiyan”). 

Provided, that save for the purposes of opening of Bank Accounts, the words “Swaraj Abhiyan” may be used in their grammatical and linguistic variations and cognate expressions by State Working Committees with the consent of the National Working Committee. 

ARTICLE II: MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION OF THE ABHIYAN

A. The Abhiyan seeks to realize the ideal of Swaraj or self-rule which implies freedom from all forms of dominance and freedom for self-realization in all spheres of life. Specifically, Swaraj includes: 

i. Participatory democracy with decentralization of power; 

ii. Equitable and sustainable access to well-being for all; 

iii. Harmonious co-living across all communities, sans any violence or discrimination; 

iv. Knowledge and culture anchored in our traditions and willing to embrace the world of today and tomorrow; 

v. Global order based on equity and fraternity among countries, races, gender, caste and religions as also between humans and nature 

B. In order to realize this ideal, the Abhiyan seeks to strengthen and deepen alternative politics in the country that would restore power to the people and alter the existing balance of power in favour of the last person. Specifically, practice of alternative politics would include: 

i. Using legitimate constitutional means to launch agitations, struggles and movements to achieve a just society 

ii. Carrying out constructive work for social reform and nation building in various fields such as education, health, farming, handicrafts, labour, cooperatives etc. 

iii. Engaging in generation of new ideas, policies, models suited for the challenges of our times and future of India and humankind 

iv. Working towards character building, especially for the youth, so that human beings can be in touch with and in harmony with their inner selves and other human being cutting across barriers of age, gender, caste, class, race, locality or nationality 

v. Intervening in democratic politics and governance so as to make it more participative, transparent and accountable to the people 

C. The activities of the Abhiyan will be carried out in accordance with its own principles of swaraj. Specifically, it would be guided by the following values: 

i. Transparency in its functioning 

ii. Participatory democracy wherein the voice of every member is respected 

iii. Democratic decision making that respects the voice of dissent 

iv. Collective leadership that avoids personality cult of any kind 

v. Decentralisation of power, so that higher levels of organisations take only those decisions that cannot be taken at grassroots level 

vi. Social diversity, especially giving due representation to those social groups such as women, SC, ST, OBC and minorities who have suffered political under-representation 

vii. Truthfulness and upholding highest standards of integrity in public life 

viii. Liberty and Justice for all 

ix. The Abhiyan will not in any manner promote or instigate or participate in violence. 

ARTICLE III: MEMBERSHIP OF THE ABHIYAN 

A. ELIGIBILITY 

Membership of the Abhiyan, subject to other clauses of this Article, is open to any person without discrimination as to age, ethnic origin, religion, disability, gender or sexual orientation, who agrees with its objectives and principles and who: 

i. is a citizen of India and above 18 years of age 

ii. is not a member of any organization whose views, objectives, policies or actions are inconsistent with the underlying objective and founding principles of the Abhiyan; 

iii. has not been convicted of any criminal offence punishable by more than 5 years in prison by a competent court or of any financial misappropriation. 

B. MEMBERSHIP PROCESS 

i. An eligible individual will, on the submission of an application and declaration along with membership fee as may be prescribed from time to time become a member of the Abhiyan unless rejected by the Unit/Working Committee functioning in the area in which he or she applies. Provided that members shall not vote on any matter within the Abhiyan until completion of a probationary period of 4 months 

ii. If a membership application is denied by the local Unit/Working Committee, it may be appealed to the next higher working committee of the Abhiyan. The Working Committee may, if it deems fit appoint one or more of its members to decide such cases. 

C. TERM 

The term of membership, subject to renewal, termination or resignation, will be 1 year. 

Provided that for the purpose of this clause, a year will be taken as the period commencing from 1st of April of a calendar year to the 31st of March of the succeeding year. 

Provided further that for the first year of membership, a year will be taken as the period commencing from the date of membership up to the following 31st of March. 

Provided further that the Abhiyan will send a reminder to all members whose membership is due for renewal. Members will have a grace period of three months on receipt of such reminder to renew their membership failing which their membership will lapse. However, in case no reminder has been sent, the grace period will be 6 months. 

D. CESSATION OF MEMBERSHIP 

A person will cease to be a member of the Abhiyan in the following events: 

a. Death 

b. Resignation 

 c. Termination 

d. Non-renewal of the Membership during grace period 

E. TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP 

A person’s membership will stand terminated if 

a. an order to the effect is passed by a competent disciplinary committee provided that no such finding may be recorded without hearing the person 

b. he/she is convicted of a criminal offence punishable by more than 5 years in prison by a competent court or of any financial misappropriation. 

F. SUSPENSION OF MEMBERSHIP

A person’s membership may be suspended by a competent Disciplinary Committee on the basis of prima facie findings in disciplinary proceedings as per the provisions of this Constitution. 

G. AFFILIATE MEMBERSHIP TO ORGANIZATIONS

i. Organizations with aims and objectives aligned to those of the Abhiyan may be admitted to affiliate status with the Abhiyan by the Working Committees at appropriate levels. 

 ii. On such affiliation, members of the affiliate organization shall become associate members without voting rights in the Abhiyan. 

iii. Representatives of organizations admitted to affiliate status may be admitted to the concerned Working Committees as invitees. 

ARTICLE IV: ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE 

A. ORGANS OF THE ABHIYAN 

a. The Abhiyan will be structured at the National, State, District and Block levels with organs at respective levels being, 

i. Block Level: 

Block Unit 

ii. District Level

District Working Committee 

iii. State Level 

State Steering Committee 

State Working Committee 

iv. National Level 

National Steering Committee 

National Working Committee 

Provided, that the National Working Committee of the Abhiyan may sub-divide a state into two or more regions for functional or administrative convenience by constituting regional steering and working committees for each such region of the state. The provisions of this constitution applicable to state level committees will apply to such regional committees, mutatis mutandis and there will then be no state level committees in that state. 

Provided further that the Abhiyan may be organized at Taluka, Tehsil, Mandal, or other administrative level suitable for that state instead of at the block level as deemed fit by the concerned state working committee. Powers and functions of such units will be identical to those specified for Block units in this constitution. 

Provided further that State Working Committees may constitute separate units of the Abhiyan to operate within geographical boundaries of towns and cities and these units will be at the Block level or at district level as decided by that State Working Committee. 

b. Areas of District Units will ordinarily be the same as those of respective Administrative Districts in the State. Areas of State Units of the Abhiyan will conform to the States and Union Territories mentioned in the Constitution of India. If a state has been subdivided into Regions, boundaries of each Region will be as prescribed by the National Working Committee. 

B. BLOCK LEVEL: 

Block Unit 

a. The Block Unit will be the General Body of all members of that Unit. It will: 

i. deliberate and decide on any issue or action program to further the objectives of the Abhiyan; 

ii. scrutinize applications for membership where it deems necessary; 

iii. elect 1 Convener and 1 Joint Convener (of which at least one must be a woman) in blocks with not less than 50 members by consensus, failing which, it will be done through elections. The Convener and Joint Convener will be available to work for the Abhiyan on a regular basis. 

iv. form such teams as required and assign them such work as deemed fit, 

v. reconstitute any team or committee, 

vi. recall Convener or Joint Convener, 

vii. perform such tasks as assigned to it by the District unit from time to time for the purposes of the Abhiyan, viii. If there are not less one hundred members in a block unit, a Working Committee will be elected for that Block whose structure, powers and functions will be, as far as may be on the lines of District Working Committees. 

C. DISTRICT LEVEL 

a. District Working Committee: 

i. There will be elected a District Working Committee by all the members of that district, if the number of such members is not less than hundred. 

ii. The District Working Committee will comprise of 10 members, which shall include at least 2 women and 1 student/youth (upto 35 years of age). Provided that if no candidate from any of these groups files his/her nomination for election, the corresponding seat will be kept vacant. Such vacant seats will be filled through bye-elections to be held at such time and in such manner as prescribed. 

iii. The members referred to in sub-clause (ii) above will elect one person from among themselves as the District Convener. 

iv. If the Convener, Joint Convener or Working Committee member of any Block Unit is elected to the District Working Committee, he/she will resign from the position of Convener, Joint Convener or Block Working Committee member as the case may be, immediately. 

v. The District Working Committee may co-opt persons who are eminent individuals, experts from such fields as the National Working Committee deems fit, or persons from SC, ST, OBC, Physically Challenged or disadvantaged Religious Minority communities. The total number of co-opted members shall not exceed 25% of the current elected strength of the Committee. 

vi. Subject to the limitation of sub-clause iii of this clause, co-opted members will have all the rights of elected members of the District Working Committee. 

vii. The District Working Committee may invite anyone from within or outside the Abhiyan to attend its meetings as a ‘Special Invitee’ for one or more meetings. Such Special Invitees may participate in discussions but will not enjoy any voting rights. 

viii. A District Working Committee may, if there are hundred or more members in any Village/s, Municipal Ward, or other delineated area below block level, constitute a separate unit for that area. The provisions for Block level units will apply to such sub-divisional units mutatis mutandis. 

b. Powers and Functions of District Working Committee 

The District Working Committee will: 

i. form as many teams as are required to carry out the objectives of the Abhiyan 

ii. elect a Secretary and a Treasurer for the District from among its members 

iii. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the District as Spokespersons authorized to communicate the official Abhiyan position on any subject to the public and media. Spokespersons who are not themselves members of the District Working Committee shall be invited to attend all District Working Committee meetings as ‘special invitees’. 

iv. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the District as electronic media panelists authorized to represent the Abhiyan in media debates and discussions. 

v. monitor and supervise the activities of functionaries of the Abhiyan in that District 

vi. undertake all such activities as are needed to meet the objectives of the Abhiyan in that District 

vii. undertake activities related to public issues affecting that District 

viii. maintain the Register of Members of the Abhiyan of that District 

ix. maintain accounts of District Level Finances 

x. form District Level Committees for settling internal disputes, grievances and disciplinary actions, and for deciding complaints against block level functionaries. However District or Block level office bearers of the Abhiyan will not be members of such Committees. 

xi. reconstitute any team or committee 

xii. recall District Convener, Secretary or Treasurer by an absolute majority of total members 

D. STATE LEVEL (This will apply to Union territories also): 

a. State Steering Committee 

A State Steering Committee will be convened in each state or Union Territory where elected Working Committees are present in one-third or more Districts and will consist of 

i. Delegates nominated by the District Working Committee equal in number to the number of assembly constituencies in the District in all Districts with elected District Working Committees 

ii. Delegates nominated by the District Working Committee equal in number to one fourth of the number of assembly constituencies in the District in all Districts without elected District Working Committees 

Provided that there will be at least one delegate from every District. 

Provided further that assembly constituencies lying across District boundaries will be assigned to the District contributing the most area for purposes of this clause 

In addition, it may co-opt a maximum of 25% of its non-co-opted strength from amongst the following: 

i. experts from such fields as the National Steering Committee deems fit 

ii. eminent individuals from any field in the country 

iii. members of disadvantaged social groups, such as women, SC, ST, OBC, Physically Handicapped and disadvantaged religious minorities if there is inadequate representation of such groups 

b. Functions and Powers of the State Steering Committee: 

i. The State Steering Committee will elect the State Working Committee from among Abhiyan members in that State. Provided that if a State Steering Committee has not been convened for a State within 9 months of the formation of the Abhiyan, a state working committee of 20 members will be directly elected by all Abhiyan members of that state in such manner as prescribed by the National Working Committee. 

ii. The State Steering Committee will have the power to recall the members of the State Working Committee. 

iii. It will decide the stand and policy of the Abhiyan on issues concerning that state in such manner as may be prescribed. 

c. State Working Committee: 

Each State Working Committee will organize and coordinate the activities of the Abhiyan at the State Level. 

i. The State Working Committee will consist of not less than 15 and not more than 25 members, of which at least one fourth shall be women, and one tenth shall be students/youth (18 to 35 years of age). 

Provided that if no candidate from any of these groups files his/her nomination for election, the corresponding seat will be kept vacant. Such vacant seats shall be filled through bye-elections to be held at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed. 

Provided further that the National Working Committee may in consultation with respective State Working Committees additionally fix the number or proportion of seats mentioned in this clause to be reserved in each State Working Committee for candidates belonging to SC, ST, OBC, physically handicapped and disadvantaged religious minority communities. 

ii. The members referred to in sub-clause (i) above will elect one person from amongst themselves as the State Convener. 

iii. If the Convener or Joint Convener of any Block Unit or a member of any District or Block Working Committee is elected to the State Working Committee, he/she will resign from the position of Convener, Joint Convener or District or Block Working Committee member as the case may be, immediately. 

iv. The State Working Committee may co-opt persons who are eminent individuals, experts from such fields as the National Working Committee deems fit, or persons from SC, ST, OBC, Physically Challenged or disadvantaged Religious Minority communities. The total number of co-opted members shall not exceed 25% of the current elected strength of the Committee. 

v. The State Working Committee may invite anyone from within or outside the Abhiyan to attend its meetings as a ‘Special Invitee’ for one or more meetings. However, Special Invitees will not enjoy any voting rights. 

d. Functions and Powers of State Working Committee: 

The State Working Committee will: 

i. form as many teams as required to carry out the objectives of the Abhiyan 

ii. elect the Secretary and Treasurer for that State 

iii. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the State as Spokespersons authorized to communicate the official Abhiyan position on any subject to the public and media. Spokespersons who are not themselves members of the State Working Committee shall be invited to attend all State Working Committee meetings as ‘special invitees’. 

iv. appoint one or more Abhiyan members from the State as electronic media panelists authorized to represent the Abhiyan in media debates and discussions  

v. monitor and supervise the activities of Abhiyan functionaries in that State. 

vi. undertake all such activities as are needed to meet the objectives of the Abhiyan in that State

vii. undertake various activities related to public issues affecting that State 

viii. maintain and keep accounts of State Level Finances 

ix. form State Level Committees for settling internal disputes, grievances and disciplinary actions, and for deciding complaints against district level functionaries. However, Spokespersons, media Panelists and State level office bearers of the Abhiyan will not be members of such Committees. viii. set up the first State Level Abhiyan Lokayukta 

x. reconstitute any team or committee 

xi. recall State Convener, Secretary or Treasurer by an absolute majority of total members E. 

NATIONAL LEVEL: 

a. National Steering Committee 

The National Steering Committee will be the highest policy making body of the Abhiyan. 

An elected National Steering Committee will be constituted as soon as elected Steering and Working Committees have been constituted in one-third or more States and Union Territories of the country. The National Steering Committee will comprise of 

i. Delegates nominated by the State Working Committee equal in number to the number of parliamentary constituencies in that State in all States with elected State Steering Committees 

ii. Delegates nominated by the State Working Committee equal in number to one fourth of the number of parliamentary constituencies in the State in all States without elected State Steering Committees 

Provided that there will be at least one delegate from every State. In addition, it may co-opt up to 20% of the number of state delegates from among the following: 

i. experts from such fields as the National Steering Committee deems fit 

ii. eminent individuals from any field in the country 

iii. members of disadvantaged social groups, such as women, SC, ST, OBC, Physically Handicapped and disadvantaged religious minorities if there is inadequate representation of such groups 

b. Functions and Powers of the National Steering Committee:

The National Steering Committee will 

i. elect the National Working Committee from among all Abhiyan members in the country 

ii. have the power to recall members of the National Working Committee 

iii. have the power to amend this Constitution 

iv. decide the stand and policy of the Abhiyan on issues of National interest 

c. National Working Committee: 

The National Working Committee will be the highest Working body of the Abhiyan. It will organize and coordinate activities of the Abhiyan at the National Level. 

i. The National Working Committee will consist of not less than 20 and not more than 30 members, of which at least one fourth shall be women, and one tenth shall be students/youth (18 to 35 years of age). 

Provided that if no candidate from these groups files his/her nomination for election, the corresponding seat will be kept vacant. Such vacant seats shall be filled through bye-elections to be held at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed. 

ii. The members referred to in sub-clause (i) above will elect one person from amongst themselves as the National Convener 

iii. If the Convener or Joint Convener of any Block Unit or a member of any Block, District or State Working Committee is elected to the National Working Committee, he/she will resign from the position of Convener, Joint Convener or Block, District or State Working Committee member as the case may be, immediately. 

iv. The National Working Committee may co-opt persons who are eminent individuals, experts from such fields as the National Working Committee deems fit, or persons from SC, ST, OBC, Physically Challenged or disadvantaged Religious Minority communities. The total number of co-opted members shall not exceed 25% of the current elected strength of the Committee. 

v. Subject to the limitation of sub-clause ii. of this clause, co-opted members will have all the rights of elected members of the Working Committee. 

vi. The National Working Committee may invite anyone from within or outside the Abhiyan to attend its meetings as a ‘Special Invitee’ for one or more meetings. However, Special Invitees will not enjoy any voting rights 

d. Powers and Functions of the National Working Committee 

The National Working Committee will: 

i. form as many teams as are required to carry out the objectives of the Abhiyan. 

ii. Elect the National Secretary and National Treasurer 

iii. appoint one or more Abhiyan members as Spokespersons authorized to communicate the official Abhiyan position on any subject to the public and media. Spokespersons who are not themselves members of the National Working Committee shall be invited to attend all National Working Committee meetings as ‘special invitees’. 

iv. appoint one or more Abhiyan members as electronic media panelists authorized to represent the Abhiyan in media debates and discussions 

v. monitor and supervise the activities of Abhiyan functionaries at various levels in the country 

vi. undertake all such activities as are needed to meet the objectives of the Abhiyan in the country

vii. undertake various activities related to public issues viii. maintain and keep accounts of National Level Finances 

viii. form National Level Committees for settling internal disputes, grievances and disciplinary actions. However office bearers of the Abhiyan will not be members of such Committees. 

ix. set up the first National Level Lokpal 

x. reconstitute any team or committee 

xi. recall National Convener, Secretary or Treasurer by an absolute majority of total members xii. make rules and regulations under this Constitution 

F. NRI LEVEL 

i. The Abhiyan, for the purposes of NRIs, will be divided into City, Country and Global Level. 

ii. The provisions of this Article relating to the Block, District and State Level will apply mutatis mutandis to the City, Country and Global Level respectively. 

G. TERM OF MEMBERSHIP OF COMMITTEES 

The term of office of every Steering and Working Committee member shall be three years, subject to maintaining the currency of their Abhiyan membership 

H. FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY AT EACH LEVEL 

Every Unit/Steering/Working Committee will have functional autonomy with respect to issues at the level of and arising from the area for which it is constituted. 

Provided further that National level Committees of the Abhiyan may intercede on issues concerning more than one state or if there are significant and persistent differences between regions or groups within a state. 

Provided further that a decision of a Unit/Steering/Working committee which is inconsistent with the objectives or principles of the Abhiyan may be overruled by a Steering or Working committee at a higher level. 

I. ADVISORY COMMITTEES 

i. Working Committees at District, State and National levels of the Abhiyan shall appoint Advisory Committees comprising of eminent citizens drawn from various fields to review activities and progress of the Abhiyan and to offer non-binding advice regarding the same, either on suo-moto basis, by reference of the concerned Working Committee, or on the application of any member in that area. Working Committees shall be bound to consider such advice and to deliberate the same on record. Opinions and Advise of such Advisory Committees will be put in the public domain, regardless of whether the concerned Working Committee has taken a contrary view or decision. 

ii. The composition, terms of office, meeting frequency and procedures, etc. of such advisory committees will be as prescribed. 

J. INITIAL (PROMOTER) STRUCTURE OF THE ABHIYAN 

i. There will be a Steering Committee at the National level which will function until elections take place at different levels as per the provisions of this Constitution. 

ii. This National Steering Committee will consist of all those individuals, who have subscribed to the Memorandum of Association provided for in Article II of this Constitution at the time of the Abhiyan’s formation. Provided that the Steering Committee may co-opt other eminent Abhiyan members at its second regular meeting. 

iii. Steering Committee at the National level will elect a National Working Committee 

iv. Subject to ratification of the National Steering Committee, the National Working Committee will in turn constitute State Working Committees in each state and union territory from among Abhiyan members of that State/UT. 

v. A Working Committee for a State constituted as per the preceding sub-clause will further constitute Working Committees for each District within that state from Abhiyan members of that District, in such manner as may be prescribed 

vi. All Committees constituted under this clause will function until replaced by Unit/Steering/Working committees elected in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. vii. Subject to the above, the powers and functions of Steering and Working Committees defined in this clause will be identical to the powers and functions of respective Steering and Working Committees defined in clauses A through F of this Article. 

K. SOCIAL DIVERSITY IN ABHIYAN ORGANS 

Swaraj Abhiyan shall strive to achieve social diversity within the leadership and will make special efforts to have adequate representation of marginalized and under-represented social groups. 

i. Every effort shall be made to have at least one-third number of women in every committee at all levels of the Abhiyan. It shall be mandatory to have at least one-fourth number of women in the effective strength of any committee. In case these many women are not available, the shortfall will be left vacant. 

ii. At least one-tenth of all the members of all the Committees at every level shall be filled by filled by youth aged between 18 yrs and 35 yrs. 

iii. Every effort shall be made to give due representation to under-represented social groups such as SC, ST, OBC, and disadvantaged minorities. National and State Working Committees may prescribe a minimum number or proportion for any or all of such social groups. 

iv. It shall be mandatory to report the social breakup of each committee by number of women, youth, SC, ST, minorities, or any other prescribed category. 

ARTICLE V: OFFICE BEARERS OF THE ABHIYAN 

i. The office bearers of the Abhiyan at respective levels will be: 

a. Block Level 

i. Convener and Joint Convener 

ii. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 

b. District Level 

i. District Convener 

ii. District Treasurer 

iii. District Secretary iv. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 

c. State Level 

i. State Convener 

ii. State Treasurer 

iii. State Secretary 

iv. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 

d. National Level 

i. National Convener 

ii. National Treasurer 

iii. National Secretary 

iv. Such other Office Bearers as may be prescribed 

e. Functional divisions at each Level Working committees at every level will establish     functional divisions as prescribed, to meet the aims and objectives of the Abhiyan 

ii. POWERS & FUNCTIONS OF OFFICE BEARERS 

a. Convener 

The Convener will be in charge of functioning of the Abhiyan at the concerned Level 

b. Convener/Joint Convener at the Block Level and Convener at the District/ State/ National Level will 

i. facilitate and organize meetings of the Unit 

ii. implement and execute decisions of the Abhiyan and carry out all such work as assigned from time to time 

c. Secretary 

The Secretary will be responsible for 

i. managing the day to day affairs of the Secretariat at the concerned Level 

ii. maintaining records and maintaining minutes of the meetings at the concerned level 

iii. carrying out all such work as given to him/her by the Abhiyan from time to time 

iv. Secretary at National level will represent Abhiyan for all legal purposes 

d. Treasurer 

The Treasurer will be responsible for 

i. maintaining accounts at the concerned Level, ensuring adequate supervision and training of Treasurers at lower levels, combining and collating accounts from lower levels with own level and ensuring that they are duly reported every quarter 

ii. following all guidelines and instructions issued from time to time with respect to maintenance of accounts etc.  

e. National Treasurer 

The National Treasurer additionally will 

i. ensure that Accounts of the Abhiyan are properly maintained and are audited by an independent Auditor 

ii. ensure that all statutory compliances regarding accounts and funds of the Abhiyan are duly completed 

iii. TERM OF OFFICE OF OFFICE BEARERS 

Term of office of all office bearers will ordinarily be three years, subject to maintaining the currency of their membership status for the duration of their term. Working Committee members should ordinarily make themselves available for Abhiyan work for at least 10 hrs/week on average. 

No member will hold the same post as an office bearer for more than two terms of three years each. 

D. RESTRICTIONS ON HOLDING POSITIONS WITHIN THE ABHIYAN 

i. No member of a Working Committees of the Abhiyan at any level or Block Convener or Jt Convener may be a member of any other Working Committee or serve as Convener or Jt Convener of in a different unit. 

ii. No Block Convener, Jt Converner, or member of a Working Committee of the Abhiyan can be a part of any Disciplinary Committee of the Abhiyan 

iii. No family member (spouse, child, parent or sibling) of any Block Convener, Jt Convener, or Working or Disciplinary Committee of the Abhiyan may serve as Converner, Jt Convener or on any Working or Disciplinary Committee of the Abhiyan 

iv. No family member (spouse, child, parent or sibling) of any Steering Committee of the Abhiyan may serve on the same Steering Committee of the Abhiyan 

Provided that there shall be no bar on any Steering, Working or Disciplinary Committee member from serving as a Spokesperson or Media Panelist of the Abhiyan or working with a functional division established as prescribed under sub-clause e of clause A of Article V of this Constitution at any level. 

Provided further that members of the Lokpal or any State Lokayukta or their family members (spouse, child, parent or sibling) may not be members of any Steering or Working Committee of the Abhiyan. Provided further that no member of any political party shall hold any office, or be a spokesperson or media panelist at any level of the Abhiyan. 

ARTICLE VI: CODE OF CONDUCT, DISCIPLINE AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION A. CODE OF CONDUCT 

a. Every member of the Abhiyan will abide by the following Code of Conduct: 

i. A member will not engage herself in any immoral or illegal activity as would tarnish the image of the Abhiyan or such conduct as would bring disrepute to it. 

ii. A member will not undertake any activity, which is contrary to the objectives of the Abhiyan as set out in this Constitution. 

iii. A member will abide by the rules framed from time to time by the National Working Committee.

iv. There will be zero tolerance for sexual harassment in any form. 

v. A member will not involve herself in any corrupt practices. 

vi. A member may not be a part of any organization which spreads disharmony on the basis of caste, creed, religion or untouchability. 

vii. A member will not engage in exploiting or ill-treating women, nor indulge in drug addiction or drunken behavior. 

viii. Members will be free to express their own opinion within and outside Abhiyan fora on policy related questions. Mere expression of difference of opinion will not be considered to be a violation of the Code of Conduct unless it runs contrary to the ideals and objectives of the Abhiyan. However, it shall be the member’s responsibility to clarify that they are speaking in personal capacity and not on behalf of the Abhiyan in such circumstances. 

Provided that when an Organ of the Abhiyan has taken a public position on any question through a statement or resolution, Working Committee Members, Office bearers and Spokespersons of the concerned Organ may not express contrary views in public fora. 

b. Without prejudice to the generality of the above, office bearers and spokespersons, must also make an annual declaration of his/her income and assets and that of his/her family honestly and correctly to the unit/Steering/Working Committee as per the proforma of the Election Commission. 

B. AUTHORITIES FOR DISCIPLINARY ACTION 

i. The following will deal with complaints of violation of Code of Conduct against Office Bearers at various Levels: National Level :Lokpal State Level: State Lokayukta 

ii. To address internal disputes, indiscipline, grievances etc., Grievance Committees will be set up at each Level from within the members by the Working Committees at each Level. 

iii. The National Working Committee will frame regulations for the constitution of Disciplinary Committees and the procedures to be followed by them. 

C. PENALTIES 

Disciplinary action may result in penalties ranging from warning, censure, loss of voting rights for a specified period, and termination of membership from the Abhiyan. No disciplinary action may be taken against a member without giving an opportunity to that member to explain and answer the charges against him/her or without passing a reasoned order. 

D. COMPOSITION, APPOINTMENT /REAPPOINTMENT AND TERM OF LOKPAL/ STATE LOKAYUKTA: 

i. The Lokapal/State Lokayukta will be a body comprising of three persons, at least one of whom will be an eminent jurist/eminent person from the legal field. Other members will be eminent persons from different walks of life. 

ii. The First Lokpal & State Lokayuktas will be appointed by respectively the National and State Working Committees as the case may be. 

iii. The term of each Lokpal/Lokayukta member will be three years. However, in so far as the first body constituted by the National/State Working Committee is concerned, members will retire by rotation on a yearly basis starting from the end of the first year. The senior most in age will be the first to retire. 

iv. Every Lokpal/Lokayukta will be eligible for reappointment for a maximum of two terms. 

v. Vacancy caused by retirement/resignation/death of a Lokpal/State Lokayukta will be filled by nomination by the remaining and outgoing members of the body. 

vi. Lokpal will devise their own procedure and may lay down the procedure to be followed by State Lokayuktas. 

vii. Lokpal and State Lokayuktas may act on any complaint forwarded to them by a member of the Abhiyan. 

viii. Lokpal and State Lokayuktas may also initiate Suo-Moto proceedings against any office bearer of the Abhiyan falling within their Jurisdiction 

ARTICLE VII: CONDUCT OF BUSINESS, ACCOUNTABLITY & TRANSPARENCY A. MEETING: 

i. Every meeting of the Abhiyan will be chaired by a member of that body who is not an office bearer, as elected by members present in that meeting. This meeting chairperson will ordinarily abstain from voting in the meeting, but may exercise a casting vote in case a decision is deadlocked. 

ii. Members of a Block Unit will meet at least once a month 

iii. Steering Committees will meet at least at the following intervals: State Level: once in four month National Level: once in six months 

iv. Working Committees at various Levels will hold ordinary meetings at least, District Level: once a month State Level: once every three months National Level: once every three months 

v. If required, a meeting of a Block Unit or any Steering or Working Committee may be requisitioned by 1/3rd of the members of the concerned Unit, Steering, or Working Committee 

B. QUORUM 

Quorum for all meetings will be one-third of the strength of the concerned body for Steering Committees and one-half of the strength for Working Committees. 

There will be no requirement for a Quorum in case of Emergency or Extraordinary meetings of any Working Committee or Block Unit. However resolutions passed in such meetings will be automatically invalidated unless ratified in the next ordinary meeting of the concerned body. 

C. NOTICE 

i. The notice period for Ordinary meetings of the various bodies will be as under: 

Body Days 

Block Level        2 

District Working Committee   2 

State Steering Committee   21 

State Working Committee   4 

National Steering Committee  21 

National Working Committee   7 

ii. Emergency meetings of the District/State/National Working Committee may be convened by the concerned Convener by giving such notice as deemed fit and giving reasons. The above time periods will not be applicable for such meetings. 

iii. Members may attend meetings of the District/State/National Working Committee either in person or via video/teleconference. 

D. DECISION MAKING 

All decisions at all Levels in any meeting will be taken by consensus, failing which by a majority vote. 

Provided that, any decision to amend this constitution shall be as specified in Article IX of this constitution. 

Provided that voting in any meeting will be by secret ballot if any member so desires 

Provided further that if a desire for referendum on an issue is expressed by the concerned Working Committee, or through an initiative by not less than 15% of the total members in a District, or 10% of the total members in a State or in the Nation, the issue will be decided by referendum in that area, whose outcome will be final. A clear majority of all members who vote in the Referendum, including those who express a neutral opinion (NOTA) will be required for the initiative to prevail. 

Provided further that the wording of any such proposed initiative will have to be approved by the concerned Working Committee prior to circulation for signatures among members 

E. MINUTES AND RECORDING OF MEETINGS 

i. There will be maintained minutes of all meetings of all Units/Steering/Working Committees 

ii. Video of every meeting of the National Steering Committee will be recorded and maintained in such form as may be prescribed 

iii. All meetings of the Abhiyan shall be conducted in accordance with Meeting Rules as prescribed by the National Working Committee 

F. ACCOUNTABILITY OF OFFICE BEARERS AND COMMITTEES 

i. The Abhiyan will put in place an effective mechanism for rendering the office bearers and committees of the Abhiyan at all levels accountable to the members 

ii. The Abhiyan will put in place a system for procuring and acting upon regular feedbacks of members and volunteers about functioning of office bearers and committees at all levels and the feedback received will be discussed with the relevant committee 

G. RECALL OF OFFICE BEARERS AND REMOVAL OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS 

i. There will be a referendum on the issue of recall of an office bearer if not less than twenty percent of the members so desire and the outcome of the referendum will be final. 

ii. A member of a Steering/Working Committee will stand removed as such member if not less than fifty percent of the members participating in the referendum vote for his/her removal. 

H. PRO-ACTIVE PUBLIC DISCLOSURES AT ALL LEVELS 

The Abhiyan will put in place measures to ensure pro-active transparency and will put the following in public domain: 

i. Details of all office bearers at all levels; 

ii. Details of members of units/Steering/Working committees; 

iii. Details regarding policies made and decisions undertaken including outcomes of referendums at all levels. 

iv. Matters relating to finance, funding, donations, expenditure, etc. 

v. Feedback of volunteers and members, outcome of audit, disciplinary proceedings, etc. 

vi. Any other matter, prescribed from time to time, disclosure of which is necessary to ensure pro-active transparency. 

I. RIGHT TO INFORMATION 

i. There shall be Right to Information (RTI) in the Abhiyan, available to Abhiyan Members as well as the general public 

ii. Each Working Committee of the Abhiyan shall appoint one or more Public Information Officers (PIO) from the members of the Abhiyan in its area tasked with implementing this Right to Information 

iii. Procedures for the implementation of this RTI within the Abhiyan will be as prescribed by the National Working Committee through rules. 

ARTICLE VIII: FUNDS, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT 

A. COLLECTION OF FUNDS 

i. Funds will be collected by means of membership fee, voluntary donations, sale of materials related to the Abhiyan, cultural programs etc. 

ii. Only such persons, at the district, state and national level, as are authorized by the respective Working Committee, will receive funds. 

B. BANK ACCOUNT 

i. The Abhiyan will open such number of bank accounts and at such places as considered necessary. 

ii. There will be three authorized signatories for each Bank account namely the Treasurer and two persons, authorized by the respective National, State, or District Steering Committee. The account may be operated by any two of the three authorized signatories, provided the Treasurer is always one of them. National and State Treasurers will additionally exercise supervisory control over State & District level bank accounts respectively, through such procedures as may be prescribed. 

iii. All receipts will first be deposited in the bank accounts of the Abhiyan before being drawn for the purpose of meeting expenses. 

C. UTILISATION OF FUNDS 

i. The funds received by the Abhiyan will be utilized for meeting the objectives of the Abhiyan. 

ii. The funds will be utilized by the concerned Working Committee. The National Working Committee may frame regulations governing the utilization of funds. 

The Accounts will be maintained on accrual basis. The Details of all donations and expenses will be made transparent and will be uploaded and duly updated on the website(s) of the Abhiyan at such frequency as may be prescribed. 

E. AUDIT AND FINANCIAL REVIEW 

The Abhiyan will put in place mechanisms for the conduct of annual audit and financial review of the Abhiyan. 

ARTICLE IX: AMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION 

This Constitution can be amended by the National Steering Committee provided that the amendment has the approval of 2/3rd of its members present and voting after due notice to all the members. For this purpose, if a resolution for amendment bearing the signatures of at least 10% members of the National Steering Committee is received, a meeting of the National Steering Committee will be convened within 30 days thereafter to decide the same. 

Provided that the approval of a simple majority of members present and voting after due notice to all the members will suffice for amending this Constitution at the second general meeting of the National Steering Committee. 

Provided further that this Constitution may be amended through a referendum of all members of the Abhiyan in the Country as per clause D of Article VII of this Constitution. 

Provided further that any decision to contest elections under the banner of the Abhiyan or to form a Political Party will require an amendment to this Constitution specifically enabling the same. 

ARTICLE X: INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 

The decision of the National Working Committee will be final on any question of interpretation of this Constitution or the rules and regulations framed there under, unless subsequently overturned by the National Steering Committee 

ARTICLE XI: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

The National Working Committee will frame regulations for filling the vacancies caused by resignation, expulsion or death of a member of a Unit/Working/Steering Committee.

             .

“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I,
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference. “   Robert Frost (1874 – 1963 / San Francisco)

Poem explains  ‘Bifurcation phenomenon ’   non technically -with a difference that  choice  is unpredictable.  But in History we can  force the choice  by democratic consensus .